$$V_{O_2$} = CO \times ($$CaO_2$$ - $$CvO_2$$)$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels

Question 2

Which structure marks the transition from the conducting zone to the respiratory zone in the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory bronchiole

Question 3

Which type of epithelium is found lining the trachea?

Accepted Answer

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 4

What is the main function of Type II alveolar (septal) cells?

Accepted Answer

Production of surfactant

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the relationship between pressure and volume in the lungs according to Boyle's Law?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1$$ $$V_1$$ = $$P_2$$ $$V_2$$

Question 6

A patient inhales a peanut, which becomes lodged in a bronchus. Which bronchus is it most likely to enter and why?

Accepted Answer

Right primary bronchus, because it is wider and more vertical

Question 7

Which of the following would most likely increase airway resistance during breathing?

Accepted Answer

Bronchoconstriction

Question 8

What is the primary role of surfactant in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Reduces surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the partial pressure of oxygen ($$P_{O_2$}) in $$alveolar air is lower than in atmospheric air?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar air is humidified and mixes with residual air from previous breaths

Question 10

A person with pulmonary fibrosis has decreased lung compliance. Which of the following best describes the effect on their breathing?

Accepted Answer

It becomes more difficult to fill the lungs with air

Question 11

According to Dalton's Law, what is the partial pressure of a gas in a mixture?

Accepted Answer

It is proportional to its percentage in the mixture times the total pressure

Question 12

Which of the following equations represents the Fick principle for oxygen consumption ($$V_{O_2$}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$V_{O_2$} = CO 	imes ($$CaO_2$$ - $$CvO_2$$)$$

Question 13

During exercise, which of the following changes would you expect in the arteriovenous oxygen difference ($$AVO_2$$ difference)?

Accepted Answer

It increases because tissues extract more oxygen from the blood

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the Bohr effect?

Accepted Answer

A decrease in pH or increase in $$P_{CO_2$}$$ reduces hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen

Question 15

Which of the following is the main way carbon dioxide is transported in the blood?

Accepted Answer

As bicarbonate ion ($$HCO_3$$^-$$) in plasma

Question 16

A patient is hyperventilating due to anxiety. What is the most likely effect on their blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Blood pH will increase, leading to respiratory alkalosis

Question 17

Which respiratory center is primarily responsible for establishing the basic rhythm of breathing?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal respiratory group (DRG) in the medulla

Question 18

Which of the following would most likely stimulate an increase in respiratory rate via peripheral chemoreceptors?

Accepted Answer

A decrease in arterial $$P_{O_2$}$$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why a newborn's first breath requires significant effort?

Accepted Answer

It must overcome surface tension to inflate the alveoli

Question 20

Which of the following changes is most likely to occur in the lungs as a person ages?

Accepted Answer

Decreased compliance due to loss of elastic tissue

The Respiratory System: Structure, Function, and Histology

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