Which of the following are considered parts of the axial skeleton? (Circle all that apply.)

a. Pectoral girdle

b. Lower limb

c. Skull

d. Vertebral column

e. Pelvic girdle

f. Thoracic cage

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

a. Primary storage site in the body for sodium and potassium salts      

b. Location of the red bone marrow, which produces red blood cells 

c. Storage of triglycerides in yellow bone marrow    

d. Support and protection of the body and vital organs

________is the anatomical name for a hole in a bone.

a. Fossa

b. Foramen

c. Condyle

d. Tubercle

Examine the structure of the skull, and predict its likely functions based on its form.

How do the atlas (C₁) and the axis (C₂) differ from other cervical vertebrae? How does this difference enable them to perform their functions?

The two parietal bones are united at the_______suture; they meet the frontal bone at the_____ suture, the temporal bones at the______ sutures, and the occipital bone at the_____suture.

Some health practitioners claim that the cranial bones are moveable and that they are able to move these bones to treat a variety of conditions. Is this likely to be true in an adult? Why or why not?

Predict where each of the following structures is located, based on your knowledge of skeletal anatomy and anatomical terms (your answers should be along the lines of 'lateral crural region' or 'posterior cervical region').

a. Frontal lobe of brain

b. Suprahyoid muscle

c. Ulnar artery

d. Tibial nerve

e. Intercostal muscle

f. External iliac artery

Ms. Hendrix suffered a severe hip fracture that required hip replacement surgery. After an extended recovery period, she is undergoing physical therapy to regain strength and mobility.

Which bone is involved in a hip fracture, and what part of the bone is likely to be fractured?

A deviated septum results when the nasal septum is shifted to one side or the other. What bones might be involved in this condition? Why might this make breathing difficult?

Mrs. Dent presents to the clinic with back pain. During the exam, you notice that she has severe kyphosis, and you suspect a vertebral fracture. What specific part of her vertebra is likely to be fractured, considering her deformity? Explain.

You arrive on the scene where a person without a pulse was found. Someone on the scene performed CPR, but the individual unfortunately could not be revived. On postmortem examination, it is discovered that several ribs and the xiphoid process were fractured. What likely caused these fractures?

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

a. The four paranasal sinuses are the frontal, parietal, sphenoidal, and mandibular sinuses.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. The cribriform plate is a component of the ethmoid bone.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

c. The sella turcica of the sphenoid bone houses the pituitary gland.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. The styloid process of the temporal bone is a thick, posterior projection.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

e. The most conspicuous feature of the temporal bone is the foramen magnum.

The only moveable bone in the adult skull is the:

a. Maxilla

b. Lacrimal bone

c. Mandible

d. Frontal bone

The structure(s) that divide the nasal cavity into right and left sides is/are the:

a. Nasal bones

b. Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

c. Vomer

d. Both a and b are correct

e. Both b and c are correct

The 'soft spots' in an infant's skull are known as:

a. Fontanels

b. Sutures

c. Metopic joints

d. Hyaline cartilage

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

a. The thoracic and sacral curvatures are the vertebral column's concave curvatures.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. A vertebral disc is composed of an inner anulus fibrosus and an outer nucleus pulposus.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

c. The posterior projection from a vertebra is the spinous process.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. The sacral, coccygeal, and cervical vertebrae are fused in an adult.

Transverse foramina are a characteristic of which kind of vertebra?

a. Thoracic

b. Lumbar

c. Sacral

d. Cervical

The inferior portion of the sternum is the_____ . The superior portion of the sternum is the_____, and it articulates with the______ and the first rib.

How do true, false, and floating ribs differ from one another?

Which of the following portions of the scapula articulates with the clavicle?

a. Coracoid process

b. Acromion

c. Spine

d. Glenoid cavity

The only bone of the arm is the _______. The forearm consists of the medial ______and the lateral_____.

The 'elbow bone' is called the:

a. Trochlea

b. Capitulum

c. Olecranon

d. Deltoid tuberosity