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Ch. 2 Chemistry Comes Alive
Hoehn - Marieb Human Anatomy & Physiology, 12th edition
Hoehn, Haynes, Abbott12th EditionMarieb Human Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138242732Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoHoehn, Haynes, Abbott 12th EditionCh. 2 Chemistry Comes AliveProblema 20
Capitolo 2, Problema 20

What are hydrogen bonds and how are they important in the body?

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Understand that hydrogen bonds are a type of weak chemical bond that occurs when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom (like oxygen or nitrogen) experiences an attraction to another electronegative atom nearby.
Recognize that in the body, hydrogen bonds are crucial for stabilizing the three-dimensional structures of biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).
Note that in proteins, hydrogen bonds help maintain secondary structures like alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets by linking different parts of the polypeptide chain.
Understand that in DNA, hydrogen bonds between complementary nitrogenous bases (adenine-thymine and cytosine-guanine) hold the two strands of the double helix together, allowing for accurate replication and transcription.
Appreciate that hydrogen bonds also contribute to the properties of water, such as its high specific heat and solvent capabilities, which are essential for maintaining homeostasis and facilitating biochemical reactions in the body.

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Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen bonds are weak interactions that occur when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom, like oxygen or nitrogen, is attracted to another electronegative atom. These bonds are weaker than covalent bonds but crucial for molecular structure and function.
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Hydrogen Bonding

Role of Hydrogen Bonds in Water

In the body, hydrogen bonds between water molecules create cohesion and high surface tension, which are essential for maintaining cell structure, regulating temperature, and enabling biochemical reactions in an aqueous environment.
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Hydrogen Bonding

Hydrogen Bonds in Biomolecules

Hydrogen bonds stabilize the three-dimensional structures of proteins and nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, enabling proper folding, function, and replication. They are vital for enzyme activity and genetic information storage.
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Some antibiotics act by binding to certain essential enzymes in the target bacteria.

a. How might these antibiotics influence the chemical reactions controlled by the enzymes?

b. What is the anticipated effect on the bacteria? On the person taking the antibiotic prescription?

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Explain why, if you pour water into a glass very carefully, you can 'stack' the water slightly above the rim of the glass.

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A chemist, during the course of an analysis, runs across a chemical composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the proportion 1:2:1 and having a six-sided molecular shape. It is probably:

a. A pentose

b. An amino acid

c. A fatty acid

d. A monosaccharide

e. A nucleic acid

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How many moles of aspirin, C₉H₈O₄, are in a bottle containing 450 g by weight? (Note: The approximate atomic weights of its atoms are C = 12, H = 1, and O = 16.)

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Differentiate clearly between primary, secondary, and tertiary protein structure.

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Consider the following information about three atoms: 12/6 C 13/6 C 14/6 C

a. How are they similar to one another?

b. How do they differ from one another?

c. What are the members of such a group of atoms called?

d. Using the planetary model, draw the atomic configuration of 12/6 C, showing the relative position and numbers of its subatomic particles

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