Explain the relationship of the following to renal secretion and excretion of hydrogen ions:
Plasma carbon dioxide levels
Phosphate
Sodium bicarbonate reabsorption

Mr. Jessup, a 55-year-old man, is operated on for a cerebral tumor. About a month later, he appears at his physician's office complaining of excessive thirst. He claims to have been drinking about 20 liters of water daily for the past week and says he has been voiding nearly continuously. A urine sample is collected and its specific gravity is reported as 1.001.

What is your diagnosis of Mr. Jessup's problem?

What connection might exist between his previous surgery and his present problem?

For each of the following sets of blood values, name the acid-base imbalance (acidosis or alkalosis), determine its cause (metabolic or respiratory), decide whether the condition is being compensated, and cite at least one possible cause of the imbalance. Problem 1: pH 7.63; Pco₂ 19 mm Hg; Hco₃⁻ 19.5 mEq/L Problem 2: pH 7.22; Pco₂ 30 mm Hg; Hco₃⁻ 12.0 mEq/L

Explain how the chemical buffer systems resist changes in pH.

Explain how emphysema and congestive heart failure can lead to acid-base imbalance.

Explain why and how total body sodium content, ECF volume, and blood pressure are jointly regulated.

Describe the role of the respiratory system in controlling acid-base balance.