When ADH levels rise,
(a) The amount of water reabsorbed increases.
(b) The DCT becomes impermeable to water.
(c) The amount of water reabsorbed decreases.
(d) Sodium ions are exchanged for potassium ions.

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Understand the role of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) in the kidney's function, specifically how it affects water reabsorption in the nephron.

Recall that ADH primarily acts on the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and collecting ducts to regulate water permeability.

Recognize that when ADH levels rise, it increases the permeability of the DCT and collecting ducts to water by promoting the insertion of aquaporin channels into the membranes.

This increased permeability allows more water to be reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the bloodstream, concentrating the urine and conserving body water.

Based on this understanding, identify which option correctly describes the effect of increased ADH levels on water reabsorption.

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Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Function

ADH, also known as vasopressin, regulates water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. It acts primarily on the collecting ducts, making them more permeable to water, which helps concentrate urine and reduce water loss.

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Review of Major Hormones

Water Reabsorption in the Nephron

Water reabsorption occurs mainly in the proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule (DCT), and collecting ducts. ADH specifically increases permeability in the collecting ducts, allowing more water to be reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.

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2) Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop

Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) Permeability

The DCT is involved in selective reabsorption and secretion but is generally impermeable to water unless influenced by hormones. ADH primarily affects the collecting ducts rather than the DCT, so the DCT does not become impermeable to water when ADH levels rise.

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