Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, such as molecules moving across a membrane, while potential energy is stored energy, such as in a concentration gradient.

Question 2

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell by osmosis. Which of the following best explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypotonic to the cell, so water moves into the cell to balance solute concentrations.

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\ \mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in the bonds between its phosphate groups, which can be released when a phosphate is removed.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions, allowing them to proceed more quickly.

Question 6

A poison binds to the active site of an enzyme, preventing the substrate from binding. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Competitive inhibition

Question 7

Which of the following molecules can most easily cross a cell membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Small nonpolar molecules like $$\mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 8

Facilitated diffusion differs from active transport because:

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient without using energy.

Question 9

Which process would a cell use to export large quantities of hormones out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen, which are used in cellular respiration to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy.

Question 11

Which stage of cellular respiration does NOT require oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 12

During strenuous exercise, muscle cells may switch to fermentation. What is the main reason for this switch?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen becomes limited, so cells use fermentation to regenerate NAD$$^+$$ for glycolysis.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of the structure and function of a chloroplast?

Accepted Answer

The thylakoid membranes contain chlorophyll and are the site of the light reactions.

Question 14

Which color of light is LEAST absorbed by chlorophyll during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Green

Question 15

What is the main purpose of water in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Water provides electrons to replace those lost by chlorophyll in the light reactions.

Question 16

Which of the following is the final product of the Calvin Cycle, and how many turns of the cycle are required to produce one molecule of this product?

Accepted Answer

G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate); 3 turns

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is essential for the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor, allowing the chain to continue and ATP to be produced.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Accepted Answer

Autotrophs produce their own food from inorganic substances, while heterotrophs obtain energy by consuming other organisms.

Question 19

A patient is given a drug that blocks the function of the sodium-potassium pump in nerve cells. Which process would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Active transport of ions against their concentration gradients

Question 20

Which of the following correctly matches the stage of cellular respiration with its location in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain – inner mitochondrial membrane

Energy, Cellular Respiration, and Photosynthesis: Study Notes for General Biology

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard