$$1 \mathrm{cm} = 1 \times 10$$^{-2}$$ \mathrm{m}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the five fundamental characteristics shared by all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 2

Which statement best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein

Question 3

A scientist observes that a population of beetles has changed color over several generations. Which theory best explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

Theory of evolution by natural selection

Question 4

Which of the following correctly matches the unit with its value in meters?

Accepted Answer

$$1 \mathrm{cm} = 1 	imes 10$$^{-2}$$ \mathrm{m}$$

Question 5

Which type of microscopy would be best for viewing the interior structures of a cell at very high resolution?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

Question 6

A cell is observed to lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Which domain does it most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 7

Which of the following statements about covalent bonds is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds are formed when two or more atoms share electrons

Question 8

If an atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons, what is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: 6, Mass number: 12

Question 9

Which process is responsible for the transmission of hereditary information from one generation to the next?

Accepted Answer

Replication of DNA during cell division

Question 10

A molecule of water ($$\mathrm{H_2O}) is $$held together by which type of bond?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a hypothesis in scientific research?

Accepted Answer

A stable statement that explains something observed

Question 12

Which of the following elements makes up the majority of matter in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen

Question 13

A scientist is testing the effect of a new drug on cell replication. Which step is essential for the hypothesis testing process?

Accepted Answer

Designing an observational or experimental study capable of testing predictions

Question 14

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and are generally larger than prokaryotic cells

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world example of evolution by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

The development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria

Question 16

If a neutral atom of carbon has 6 protons and 8 neutrons, what is its mass number and what is this atom called?

Accepted Answer

Mass number: 14; Carbon-14 isotope

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why polar covalent bonds result in partial charges on atoms?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally, creating a partial positive charge on one atom and a partial negative charge on the other

Question 18

Which property of an atom determines the number of covalent bonds it can form?

Accepted Answer

Number of unpaired electrons in the valence shell

Question 19

A sodium atom loses one electron to become a sodium ion. What is the charge of the resulting ion?

Accepted Answer

$$+1$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genes and chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Genes are segments of DNA located on chromosomes

General Biology: Foundations, Cell Theory, Microscopy, and Atomic Structure

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