Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of emergence in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A multicellular organism exhibits behaviors and functions that individual cells alone cannot perform.

Question 2

Which sequence correctly represents the flow of genetic information from DNA to a functional protein?

Accepted Answer

Transcription → Translation → Protein folding

Question 3

A scientist wants to test whether a new fertilizer increases plant growth. She grows one group of plants with the fertilizer and another group without it, keeping all other conditions the same. What is the primary purpose of the group without fertilizer?

Accepted Answer

To provide a baseline for comparison as the control group

Question 4

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 5

Which property of water allows it to stabilize temperature in living organisms and environments?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat

Question 6

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the change in $$[H^+]$$ concentration if the pH increases to 7?

Accepted Answer

$$10,000-$$fold decrease in $$[H^+]$$

Question 7

Which functional group acts as a base by accepting a proton ($$H^+) $$from the surrounding solution?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$-NH_2$)

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice form a rigid, open lattice that makes ice less dense than liquid water.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure and function of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a double helix with antiparallel strands composed of nucleotides.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between a nonpolar covalent bond and a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar covalent bonds involve equal sharing of electrons, while polar covalent bonds involve unequal sharing due to differences in electronegativity.

Question 11

A researcher wants to make $$1\,L of a$$ $$2\,M$$ glucose solution. The molar mass of glucose is $$180\,g/mol. $$How much glucose should she weigh out?

Accepted Answer

$$360\,g$$

Question 12

Which of the following statements about protein structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

The tertiary structure is determined by interactions between side chains (R groups), not by peptide bonds.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why animals such as cows can digest cellulose while humans cannot?

Accepted Answer

Cows have microorganisms in their digestive tracts that break down cellulose into glucose.

Question 14

Which of the following is a property of hydrocarbons?

Accepted Answer

They are nonpolar and serve as a good source of stored energy.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores potential energy in its phosphate bonds, which is released when a phosphate group is removed.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a property of water that results from hydrogen bonding?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar nature

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between structural isomers and enantiomers?

Accepted Answer

Structural isomers differ in covalent arrangements of atoms; enantiomers are mirror images of each other.

Question 18

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four most abundant elements in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Sulfur

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of chaperonins in cells?

Accepted Answer

They assist in the proper folding of newly synthesized proteins.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about feedback regulation in biological systems is correct?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback shuts down a pathway when enough product is made, maintaining homeostasis.

General Biology Study Guide: Chapters 1–5 (Cell, Chemistry, Water, Carbon, Macromolecules)

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard