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Ch. 40 - Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function
Campbell - Campbell Biology 12th Edition
Urry12th EditionCampbell BiologyISBN: 9785794169850Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoUrry 12th EditionCh. 40 - Basic Principles of Animal Form and FunctionProblema 8
Capitolo 40, Problema 8

Draw a model of the control circuit(s) required for driving an automobile at a fairly constant speed over a hilly road. Indicate each feature that represents a sensor, stimulus, or response.

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Identify the main components of the control circuit for maintaining constant speed: the driver, the car's speedometer, the engine, and the car's accelerator pedal.
Determine the role of each component: the speedometer acts as a sensor, the driver acts as the controller, the engine is the effector, and the accelerator pedal is the interface between the driver and the engine.
Illustrate the feedback loop: the speedometer measures the car's speed and sends this information to the driver (sensor to controller).
Show the driver's response: based on the speedometer reading, the driver adjusts the pressure on the accelerator pedal to maintain constant speed (controller to effector).
Indicate the stimulus-response relationship: changes in road incline (stimulus) affect the car's speed, prompting the driver to adjust the accelerator (response) to maintain constant speed.

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Feedback Control Systems

Feedback control systems are used to maintain a desired output by comparing it with the actual output and making necessary adjustments. In the context of driving a car at a constant speed, the system would adjust the throttle based on the difference between the desired speed and the actual speed, compensating for changes in terrain such as hills.
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Sensors in Control Systems

Sensors are devices that detect changes in the environment and send this information to the control system. In an automobile, speed sensors measure the vehicle's current speed, providing data that the control system uses to maintain a constant speed by adjusting the throttle or brakes as needed.
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Stimulus-Response Mechanism

The stimulus-response mechanism involves detecting a change (stimulus) and producing a reaction (response) to maintain homeostasis. In driving, the stimulus could be a change in speed due to a hill, and the response would be the car's control system adjusting the throttle to maintain constant speed, ensuring smooth driving over varying terrains.
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Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo

An animal's inputs of energy and materials would exceed its outputs

a. If the animal is an endotherm, which must always take in more energy because of its high metabolic rate

b. If it is actively foraging for food

c. If it is growing and increasing its mass

d. Never; due to homeostasis, these energy and material budgets always balance

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Domanda del libro di testo

Which of the following animals uses the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation?

a. Marine jelly (an invertebrate)

b. Snake in a temperate forest

c. Desert insect

d. Desert bird

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Domanda del libro di testo

You are studying a large tropical reptile that has a high and relatively stable body temperature. How do you determine whether this animal is an endotherm or an ectotherm?

a. You know from its high and stable body temperature that it must be an endotherm.

b. You subject this reptile to various temperatures in the lab and find that its body temperature and metabolic rate change with the ambient temperature. You conclude that it is an ectotherm.

c. You note that its environment has a high and stable temperature. Because its body temperature matches the environmental temperature, you conclude that it is an ectotherm.

d. You measure the metabolic rate of the reptile, and because it is higher than that of a related species that lives in temperate forests, you conclude that this reptile is an endotherm and its relative is an ectotherm.

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