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Ch. 44 - Osmoregulation and Excretion
Campbell - Campbell Biology 12th Edition
Urry12th EditionCampbell BiologyISBN: 9785794169850Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoUrry 12th EditionCh. 44 - Osmoregulation and ExcretionProblema 1
Capitolo 44, Problema 1

Unlike an earthworm's metanephridia, a mammalian nephron
a. Is intimately associated with a capillary network.
b. Functions in both osmoregulation and excretion.
c. Receives filtrate from blood instead of coelomic fluid.
d. Has a transport epithelium.

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1
Understand the function of a mammalian nephron: It is the functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood, reabsorbing necessary substances, and excreting waste as urine.
Compare the nephron to the earthworm's metanephridia: Metanephridia are excretory structures in earthworms that filter coelomic fluid, not blood.
Identify the key differences: A mammalian nephron receives filtrate directly from the blood, whereas metanephridia receive it from coelomic fluid.
Consider the role of the capillary network: The nephron is closely associated with a capillary network, specifically the glomerulus, which is crucial for filtering blood.
Evaluate the options: Analyze each option to determine which one highlights a unique feature of the mammalian nephron compared to the earthworm's metanephridia.

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Nephron Structure and Function

The nephron is the functional unit of the mammalian kidney, responsible for filtering blood, reabsorbing essential nutrients, and excreting waste. It consists of a glomerulus, where blood filtration occurs, and a tubular system that processes the filtrate. This structure is closely associated with a capillary network, facilitating efficient exchange and regulation of substances.
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Functional Groups

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Osmoregulation is the process by which organisms maintain fluid balance and concentration of solutes, while excretion involves the removal of metabolic waste. In mammals, the nephron plays a dual role in both processes, adjusting the composition of urine to regulate water and electrolyte balance, and eliminating waste products like urea from the bloodstream.
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Osmoregulation and Nitrogenous Waste

Transport Epithelium

Transport epithelium refers to specialized cells that facilitate the movement of substances across cellular membranes. In the nephron, these cells line the tubules and are crucial for selective reabsorption and secretion, allowing the kidney to fine-tune the composition of blood and urine. This selective transport is vital for maintaining homeostasis in the body.
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Active Transport
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Domanda del libro di testo

The high osmolarity of the renal medulla is maintained by which of the following?

a. Active transport of salt from the upper region of the descending limb.

b. The loose packing of juxtamedullary nephrons.

c. Diffusion of urea into the collecting duct.

d. Diffusion of salt from the descending limb of the loop of Henle.

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Domanda del libro di testo

Which of the following animals generally has the lowest volume of urine production?

a. Vampire bat

b. Salmon in fresh water

c. Marine bony fish

d. Freshwater flatworm

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Domanda del libro di testo

Which process in the nephron is least selective?

a. Filtration

b. Reabsorption

c. Active transport

d. Secretion

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