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Ch. 45 - Hormones and the Endocrine System
Campbell - Campbell Biology 11th Edition
Urry11th EditionCampbell BiologyISBN: 9789357423311Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoUrry 11th EditionCh. 45 - Hormones and the Endocrine SystemProblema 4
Capitolo 45, Problema 4

Which hormone is incorrectly paired with its action?
a. Oxytocin — stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth
b. Thyroxine — inhibits metabolic processes
c. ACTH — stimulates the release of glucocorticoids by the adrenal cortex
d. Melatonin — affects biological rhythms and seasonal reproduction

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1
Identify the function of each hormone listed in the options.
Oxytocin is known to stimulate uterine contractions during childbirth, so option a is correctly paired.
Thyroxine is a hormone that generally stimulates metabolic processes, not inhibits them, so option b is incorrectly paired.
ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) stimulates the release of glucocorticoids by the adrenal cortex, making option c correctly paired.
Melatonin is involved in regulating biological rhythms and seasonal reproduction, so option d is correctly paired.

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Hormone Function

Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate various physiological processes in the body. Each hormone has specific target tissues and functions. For example, oxytocin is known for stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth, while thyroxine generally increases metabolic processes, not inhibits them. Understanding these functions is crucial for identifying incorrect pairings.
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Plant Hormones and Senescence

Thyroxine

Thyroxine, also known as T4, is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland. It plays a critical role in regulating metabolism, heart rate, and body temperature. Contrary to the statement in the question, thyroxine typically stimulates metabolic processes, enhancing the body's energy production and consumption.
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Receptor Specificity

Biological Rhythms

Biological rhythms are natural cycles in physiological processes, such as the sleep-wake cycle, influenced by internal and external factors. Melatonin, produced by the pineal gland, is a hormone that regulates these rhythms, particularly the sleep-wake cycle, and can also influence seasonal reproduction in some animals. Understanding these rhythms helps in comprehending melatonin's role in the body.
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Biological Membranes
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The hypothalamus

a. Synthesizes all of the hormones produced by the pituitary gland.

b. Influences the function of only one lobe of the pituitary gland.

c. Produces only inhibitory hormones.

d. Regulates both reproduction and body temperature.

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What do steroid and peptide hormones typically have in common?

a. Their solubility in cell membranes

b. Their requirement for travel through the bloodstream

c. The location of their receptors

d. Their reliance on signal transduction in the cell

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Which of the following is not an accurate statement?

a. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel to target cells through the circulatory system.

b. Hormones often regulate homeostasis through antagonistic functions.

c. Hormones of the same chemical class usually have the same function.

d. Hormones are often regulated through feedback loops.

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The relationship between the insect hormones ecdysteroid and PTTH is an example of

a. An interaction of the endocrine and nervous systems.

b. Homeostasis achieved by positive feedback.

c. Homeostasis maintained by antagonistic hormones.

d. Competitive inhibition of a hormone receptor.

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Which of the following is the most likely explanation for hypothyroidism in a patient whose iodine level is normal?

a. Greater production of T3 than of T4

b. Hyposecretion of TSH

c. Hypersecretion of MSH

d. A decrease in the thyroid secretion of calcitonin

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Growth factors are local regulators that

a. Are produced by the anterior pituitary.

b. Are modified fatty acids that stimulate bone and cartilage growth.

c. Are found on the surface of cancer cells and stimulate abnormal cell division.

d. Bind to cell-surface receptors and stimulate growth and development of target cells.

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