Question 1

Which of the following best explains why DNA, rather than proteins, is used as the genetic material in cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA is simple, stable, and accurate, making it ideal for storing genetic information.

Question 2

What is the correct base pairing rule for DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with Thymine, Guanine pairs with Cytosine.

Question 3

Which chemical bond links the nucleotides together in a single strand of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 4

The structure of the DNA double helix was discovered by Watson and Crick. Which feature of the double helix is most critical for accurate DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

The base pair rule, allowing complementary strand formation

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between chromatin and chromosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin is the DNA-protein complex in non-dividing cells, while chromosomes are highly condensed DNA-protein complexes visible during cell division.

Question 6

A human cell contains 46 chromosomes. What is the term for the two chromosomes in each pair that have the same length and carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes

Question 7

Which of the following statements about nucleosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Nucleosomes are made of DNA wrapped around a core of eight histone proteins.

Question 8

During DNA replication, which mechanism ensures that each daughter cell receives an accurate copy of genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Semiconservative replication, where each new DNA molecule contains one old and one new strand

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of RNA as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

RNA is involved in translating genetic information into specific sequences of proteins.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the importance of DNA being highly condensed in chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

It ensures accurate distribution of genetic material to daughter cells.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a component of the histone octamer found in nucleosomes?

Accepted Answer

H1

Question 12

If a DNA strand has the sequence $$5'-ATCGGCTA-3'$$, what is the sequence of its complementary strand?

Accepted Answer

$$3'-TAGCCGAT-5'$$

Question 13

Which process is responsible for regulating the stability of mRNA and gene expression by RNA interference?

Accepted Answer

siRNA and microRNA

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

Genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA to protein.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Each chromosome contains a single, highly condensed DNA molecule.

Question 16

What is the function of histones in eukaryotic chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Histones are basic proteins that help package and condense DNA.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the structure of DNA in eukaryotic chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

DNA is linear and forms a double helix.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why chromosomes exist in different forms throughout the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are dynamic to regulate gene expression and ensure accurate DNA distribution during cell division.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of errors in the base pair rule during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Genetic mutations that can lead to inherited diseases

DNA and Chromosomes: Structure, Function, and Organization in Eukaryotic Cells

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