Question 1

Which of the following correctly describes the difference between ribose and deoxyribose sugars found in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Ribose contains a hydroxyl group ($$-OH) at $$the 2' carbon, while deoxyribose contains a hydrogen ($$-H) at $$the same position.

Question 2

Which type of glycosidic linkage is found in cellulose, and how does it affect the structure and function of the polymer?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose contains $$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic linkages, resulting in straight, rigid fibers that provide structural support.

Question 3

A scientist isolates a nucleotide with the following components: a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar with an $$-OH at $$the 2' position, and the base uracil. Which type of nucleic acid can this nucleotide be found in?

Accepted Answer

RNA only

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the directionality of nucleic acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

The 3' end of a nucleic acid strand has an unlinked hydroxyl group ($$-OH$$), and the 5' end has an unlinked phosphate group.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fatty acids are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds, allowing them to pack tightly, while unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds that create kinks and prevent tight packing.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of glycoproteins found on the cell surface?

Accepted Answer

Cell-cell recognition and signaling

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the formation of peptidoglycan. Which type of cell is most likely to be compromised in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial cells

Question 8

Which of the following correctly matches the macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids: nucleotides

Question 9

Which of the following statements about ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP is a nucleotide composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups.

Question 10

Which of the following polysaccharides is highly branched and serves as the primary energy storage molecule in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between purines and pyrimidines?

Accepted Answer

Purines have a double ring structure (adenine and guanine), while pyrimidines have a single ring structure (cytosine, thymine, and uracil).

Question 12

A researcher is studying a carbohydrate with the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$. Which of the following could this molecule be?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 13

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of insects and the cell walls of fungi?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 14

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids are composed of a glycerol backbone, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why carbohydrates are a good source of energy for cells?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates contain many C-H and C-C bonds, which have high potential energy.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the secondary structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

It consists of two antiparallel strands forming a double helix stabilized by base pairing and hydrophobic interactions.

Question 17

Which of the following is a major difference between starch and glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is more highly branched than starch.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Information storage

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of isoprenyl groups in cellular membranes?

Accepted Answer

They provide a way for hydrophilic proteins to be anchored to membranes.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about monosaccharides is correct?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides can vary in the location of the carbonyl group, number of carbon atoms, spatial arrangement of atoms, and linear versus ring forms.

Macromolecules: Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates, and Lipids – Structure, Function, and Biological Roles

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