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Ch. 4 - Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Blitzer - College Algebra 8th Edition
Blitzer8th EditionCollege AlgebraISBN: 9780136970514Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 5, Problema 53

Begin by graphing f(x) = log₂ x. Then use transformations of this graph to graph the given function. What is the vertical asymptote? Use the graphs to determine each function's domain and range. g(x) = log₂ (x + 1)

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Start by understanding the base function: \(f(x) = \log_{2} x\). This function has a vertical asymptote at \(x = 0\), a domain of \((0, \infty)\), and a range of \((-\infty, \infty)\).
Next, analyze the given function \(g(x) = \log_{2} (x + 1)\). Notice that the input to the logarithm is shifted by \(+1\), which means the graph of \(f(x)\) is shifted horizontally to the left by 1 unit.
Determine the new vertical asymptote by setting the inside of the logarithm equal to zero: \(x + 1 = 0\). Solve for \(x\) to find the vertical asymptote at \(x = -1\).
Use the horizontal shift to find the domain of \(g(x)\). Since the logarithm requires the argument to be positive, set \(x + 1 > 0\) and solve for \(x\). This gives the domain as \((-1, \infty)\).
The range of \(g(x)\) remains the same as the base function \(f(x)\) because vertical shifts or horizontal shifts do not affect the range of a logarithmic function. Therefore, the range is \((-\infty, \infty)\).

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Logarithmic Functions and Their Graphs

A logarithmic function, such as f(x) = log₂(x), is the inverse of an exponential function. Its graph passes through (1,0) and increases slowly, defined only for positive x-values. Understanding the shape and behavior of the basic log function is essential for applying transformations.
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Graphs of Logarithmic Functions

Transformations of Functions

Transformations involve shifting, stretching, or reflecting the graph of a function. For g(x) = log₂(x + 1), the graph of log₂(x) shifts left by 1 unit. Recognizing how inside-the-function changes affect the graph helps identify new asymptotes, domain, and range.
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Domain & Range of Transformed Functions

Vertical Asymptotes and Domain of Logarithmic Functions

Logarithmic functions have vertical asymptotes where the argument equals zero, since log is undefined for non-positive values. For g(x) = log₂(x + 1), the vertical asymptote is at x = -1, which also defines the domain as all x > -1. The range remains all real numbers.
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Determining Vertical Asymptotes
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