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Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement
Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoBrown 14th EditionCh.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and MeasurementProblema 65c
Capitolo 1, Problema 65c

Classify each of the following as a pure substance, a solution, or a heterogeneous mixture: (c) stainless steel.

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Understand the definitions: A pure substance has a uniform and definite composition, a solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, and a heterogeneous mixture has a non-uniform composition.
Identify the components of stainless steel: It is an alloy primarily composed of iron, carbon, and chromium, among other elements.
Determine the uniformity: Stainless steel has a uniform composition throughout, meaning its components are evenly distributed.
Classify based on uniformity: Since stainless steel has a uniform composition, it is not a heterogeneous mixture.
Classify based on composition: Stainless steel is a homogeneous mixture of metals, making it a solution (specifically, a solid solution).

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Pure Substance

A pure substance consists of a single type of particle and has a uniform and definite composition. It can be an element, like gold, or a compound, like water. Pure substances have consistent properties throughout, such as boiling and melting points, which do not change regardless of the sample size.
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02:58
Classification of Matter Example

Solution

A solution is a homogeneous mixture where one substance (the solute) is dissolved in another (the solvent). Solutions have a uniform composition and properties throughout, meaning that any sample taken from the solution will have the same ratio of solute to solvent. Common examples include saltwater and sugar dissolved in tea.
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01:39
Solution Components

Heterogeneous Mixture

A heterogeneous mixture contains two or more substances that remain physically separate and can be distinguished from one another. The composition is not uniform, and different samples may have different proportions of the components. Examples include salad, sand and salt mixture, or a bowl of mixed nuts.
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Solubility and Mixtures
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Gold can be hammered into extremely thin sheets called gold leaf. An architect wants to cover a 30 m x 25 m ceiling with gold leaf that is twelve-millionths of a centimeter thick. The density of gold is 19.32 g/cm3, and gold costs \$1654 per troy ounce (1 troy ounce = 31.1034768 g). How much will it cost the architect to buy the necessary gold?

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Classify each of the following as a pure substance, a solution, or a heterogeneous mixture: (a) a leaf (b) a 999 gold bar

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A copper refinery produces a copper ingot weighing 70 kg. If the copper is drawn into wire whose diameter is 7.50 mm, how many meters of copper can be obtained from the ingot? The density of copper is 8.94 g/cm3. (Assume that the wire is a cylinder whose volume V = πr2h, where r is its radius and h is its height or length.)

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(b) A(n) _________ reliably predicts the behavior of matter, while a(n) _________ provides an explanation for that behavior.

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(a) Which is more likely to eventually be shown to be incorrect: an hypothesis or a theory?

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A sample of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is synthesized in the laboratory. It contains 1.50 g of carbon and 2.00 g of oxygen. Another sample of ascorbic acid isolated from citrus fruits contains 6.35 g of carbon. According to the law of constant composition, how many grams of oxygen does it contain?

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