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Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces
Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoBrown 14th EditionCh.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular ForcesProblema 74b
Capitolo 11, Problema 74b

The table below lists the density of O2 at various temperatures and at 1 atm. The normal melting point of O2 is 54 K.
(b) Over what temperature range is O2 a liquid?

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Determine the phase change temperatures for O_2. The normal melting point is given as 54 K, which is the temperature at which O_2 transitions from solid to liquid.
Identify the boiling point of O_2 at 1 atm. This is the temperature at which O_2 transitions from liquid to gas. You may need to look up this value if it's not provided in the problem.
Understand that O_2 will be in the liquid phase between its melting point and boiling point.
Express the temperature range for the liquid phase of O_2 as the interval between the melting point and boiling point.
Conclude that O_2 is a liquid between the melting point (54 K) and the boiling point (which you need to find).

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Phase Changes

Phase changes refer to the transitions between solid, liquid, and gas states of matter. For oxygen (O2), understanding these changes is crucial, particularly the melting point and boiling point, which define the temperature ranges where the substance exists as a solid, liquid, or gas. The melting point indicates the temperature at which O2 transitions from solid to liquid, while the boiling point marks the change from liquid to gas.
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Entropy in Phase Changes

Density and Temperature Relationship

Density is defined as mass per unit volume and can vary with temperature. For gases like O2, density decreases as temperature increases, due to the increased kinetic energy of the molecules causing them to occupy more space. This relationship is important for determining the state of a substance at different temperatures, particularly when assessing whether O2 is in a liquid state at specific temperatures.
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Temperature vs Heat

Critical Point

The critical point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the distinction between liquid and gas phases disappears. For O2, knowing the critical temperature helps in understanding the conditions under which it can exist as a liquid. If the temperature is below the critical temperature and above the melting point, O2 can exist as a liquid, which is essential for answering the question about its liquid state.
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Boiling Point Elevation
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Suppose you have two colorless molecular liquids, one boiling at - 84 °C, the other at 34 °C, and both at atmospheric 6 pressure. Which of the following statements is correct? For each statement that is not correct, modify the statement so that it is correct. (d) The two liquids have identical vapor pressures at their normal boiling points.

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