Domanda del libro di testo
(c) What atomic orbitals are involved in the stacking of graphite sheets with each other?
543
views
Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testoScegli un libro di testo diverso
TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 12, Problema 128a
Although polyethylene can twist and turn in random ways, the most stable form is a linear one with the carbon backbone oriented as shown in the following figure:
The solid wedges in the figure indicate bonds from carbon that come out of the plane of the page; the dashed wedges indicate bonds that lie behind the plane of the page. (a) What is the hybridization of orbitals at each carbon atom? What angles do you expect between the bonds?
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Identify the hybridization of each carbon atom in the polyethylene structure. Each carbon atom forms four sigma bonds (single bonds), which indicates sp3 hybridization.
Recall that sp3 hybridization involves the mixing of one s orbital and three p orbitals to form four equivalent sp3 hybrid orbitals.
Determine the bond angles for sp3 hybridized carbon atoms. The ideal bond angle for sp3 hybridization is 109.5 degrees.
Observe the 3D structure of the polyethylene chain. The solid wedges indicate bonds coming out of the plane, and the dashed wedges indicate bonds going behind the plane.
Conclude that each carbon atom in the polyethylene chain is sp3 hybridized, and the bond angles between the carbon atoms are approximately 109.5 degrees.
Risposta video verificata per un problema simile:
Questa soluzione video è stata consigliata dai nostri tutor come utile per risolvere questo problema.
Durata del video:
3mConcetti chiave
Ecco i concetti essenziali che devi comprendere per rispondere correttamente alla domanda.
Hybridization
Hybridization is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that can accommodate the bonding requirements of atoms in a molecule. In the case of polyethylene, the carbon atoms undergo sp3 hybridization, where one s orbital and three p orbitals combine to form four equivalent sp3 hybrid orbitals, allowing for tetrahedral geometry around each carbon atom.
Video consigliato:
Percorso guidato
00:51
Hybridization
Bond Angles
Bond angles are the angles formed between adjacent bonds in a molecule. For sp3 hybridized carbon atoms, the ideal bond angle is approximately 109.5 degrees, which arises from the tetrahedral arrangement of the hybrid orbitals. This angle minimizes electron pair repulsion, leading to a more stable molecular structure.
Video consigliato:
Percorso guidato
01:53Bond Angles
Molecular Geometry
Molecular geometry refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule. In linear polyethylene, the carbon backbone is arranged in a straight chain, which influences the physical properties of the polymer. The presence of hydroxyl groups (–OH) also affects the geometry and interactions, contributing to the overall stability and characteristics of the polymer.
Video consigliato:
Percorso guidato
01:33Molecular Geometry with Two Electron Groups
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo
(b) What are they in graphite (in one sheet)?
Domanda del libro di testo
Employing the bond enthalpy values listed in Table 8.4, estimate the molar enthalpy change occurring upon (a) polymerization of ethylene. (b) formation of nylon 6,6. (c) formation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
350
views
Domanda del libro di testo
(a) In polyvinyl chloride shown in Table 12.6, which bonds have the lowest average bond enthalpy?
2242
views
Domanda del libro di testo
(b) When subjected to high pressure and heated, polyvinyl chloride converts to diamond. During this transformation which bonds are most likely to break first?
308
views
Domanda del libro di testo
(c) Employing the values of average bond enthalpy in Table 8.3, estimate the overall enthalpy change for converting PVC to diamond.