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Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials
Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 12, Problema 42b

Determine if each statement is true or false: (b) Substitutional alloys have 'solute' atoms that replace 'solvent' atoms in a lattice, but interstitial alloys have 'solute' atoms that are in between the 'solvent' atoms in a lattice.

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Understand the definition of substitutional alloys: In substitutional alloys, solute atoms replace solvent atoms in the lattice structure. This occurs when the solute and solvent atoms are of similar size.
Understand the definition of interstitial alloys: In interstitial alloys, smaller solute atoms fit into the spaces (interstices) between the larger solvent atoms in the lattice.
Compare the given statement with the definitions: The statement describes substitutional alloys as having solute atoms that replace solvent atoms, which matches the definition.
The statement also describes interstitial alloys as having solute atoms that fit between solvent atoms, which matches the definition.
Conclude that the statement is true based on the accurate descriptions of both substitutional and interstitial alloys.

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Substitutional Alloys

Substitutional alloys are formed when solute atoms replace solvent atoms in the crystal lattice of a metal. This occurs when the solute and solvent atoms are of similar sizes and chemical properties, allowing for a uniform distribution within the lattice. An example is brass, where zinc atoms substitute for some copper atoms.
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Interstitial Alloys

Interstitial alloys are created when smaller solute atoms occupy the spaces (interstices) between the larger solvent atoms in a metal lattice. This type of alloy typically enhances the strength and hardness of the base metal. A common example is steel, where carbon atoms fit into the interstitial spaces of iron.

Lattice Structure

The lattice structure refers to the organized, repeating arrangement of atoms in a solid material. In alloys, the lattice structure is crucial for determining the properties of the material, such as strength and conductivity. Understanding how solute and solvent atoms interact within this structure is essential for predicting the behavior of different alloy types.
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