Domanda del libro di testo
When ammonium chloride dissolves in water, the solution becomes colder. (a) Is the solution process exothermic or endothermic?
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Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 13, Problema 17b
An ionic compound has a very negative ∆Hsoln in water (b) Which term would you expect to be the largest negative number: ∆Hsolvent, ∆Hsolute, or ∆Hmix?
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Understand that the enthalpy of solution (∆H_{soln}) is the sum of three components: ∆H_{solute}, ∆H_{solvent}, and ∆H_{mix}.
Recognize that a very negative ∆H_{soln} indicates that the overall process of dissolving the ionic compound in water is highly exothermic.
Recall that ∆H_{solute} is the energy required to break the ionic bonds in the solute, which is typically positive.
Recall that ∆H_{solvent} is the energy required to disrupt the intermolecular forces in the solvent, which is also typically positive.
Conclude that ∆H_{mix}, which is the energy released when new interactions form between the solute and solvent, must be the largest negative number to result in a very negative ∆H_{soln}.
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Enthalpy of Solution (∆H<sub>soln</sub>)
The enthalpy of solution (∆H<sub>soln</sub>) refers to the heat change that occurs when a solute dissolves in a solvent. A very negative ∆H<sub>soln</sub> indicates that the dissolution process is exothermic, meaning it releases heat. This is often the case for ionic compounds, where the energy released from solute-solvent interactions exceeds the energy required to separate the solute particles.
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02:34
Enthalpy of Formation
Enthalpy Changes in Solution Process
The dissolution of a solute in a solvent involves three key enthalpy changes: ∆H<sub>solute</sub> (energy required to separate solute particles), ∆H<sub>solvent</sub> (energy required to separate solvent molecules), and ∆H<sub>mix</sub> (energy released when solute and solvent interact). Understanding these components helps in predicting the overall enthalpy change during the dissolution process and determining which term will be the largest negative value.
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02:34Enthalpy of Formation
Comparison of Enthalpy Terms
In the context of an ionic compound dissolving in water, the term ∆H<sub>mix</sub> is typically the largest negative number because it represents the strong interactions formed between the ions and water molecules. This strong solvation energy often outweighs the energy required to separate both the solute and solvent, leading to a significant release of energy during the mixing process.
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02:34Enthalpy of Formation
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The first stage of treatment at the reverse osmosis plant in Carlsbad, California, is to flow the water through rock, sand, and gravel as shown here. Would this step remove particulate matter? Would this step remove dissolved salts?
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When ammonium chloride dissolves in water, the solution becomes colder. (b) Why does the solution form?
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