Domanda del libro di testo
You make a solution of a nonvolatile solute with a liquid solvent. Indicate if each of the following statements is true or false. (b) The solid that forms as the solution freezes is nearly pure solute.
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Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 13, Problema 60b
Breathing air that contains 4.0 % by volume CO2 over time causes rapid breathing, throbbing headache, and nausea, among other symptoms. What is the concentration of CO2 in such air in terms of (b) molarity, assuming 1 atm pressure and a body temperature of 37 °C?
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
insert step 1: Start by understanding that the problem requires converting a volume percentage of CO2 to molarity. Molarity is defined as moles of solute per liter of solution.
insert step 2: Use the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, to find the number of moles of CO2. Here, P is the pressure (1 atm), V is the volume (assume 1 L for simplicity), R is the ideal gas constant (0.0821 L·atm/mol·K), and T is the temperature in Kelvin (37 °C + 273.15 = 310.15 K).
insert step 3: Calculate the volume of CO2 in liters using the given percentage. Since the air contains 4.0% CO2 by volume, in 1 L of air, the volume of CO2 is 0.04 L.
insert step 4: Substitute the values into the ideal gas law to solve for n, the number of moles of CO2: n = PV / RT. Use P = 1 atm, V = 0.04 L, R = 0.0821 L·atm/mol·K, and T = 310.15 K.
insert step 5: Finally, calculate the molarity of CO2 by dividing the number of moles of CO2 by the total volume of the solution in liters (1 L in this case).
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Molarity
Molarity is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It is commonly used in chemistry to express the concentration of a substance in a solution. To calculate molarity, one must know the amount of solute (in moles) and the volume of the solution (in liters). In this context, we will convert the percentage of CO2 in air to moles and then to molarity.
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Percorso guidato
01:13
Molarity
Ideal Gas Law
The Ideal Gas Law relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of a gas through the equation PV = nRT. This law is essential for understanding how gases behave under different conditions. In this scenario, we will use the Ideal Gas Law to determine the number of moles of CO2 in a given volume of air at a specified temperature and pressure, which is crucial for calculating molarity.
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Percorso guidato
01:15Ideal Gas Law Formula
Volume of Gas at Standard Conditions
At standard temperature and pressure (STP), one mole of an ideal gas occupies approximately 22.4 liters. However, in this question, we are considering body temperature (37 °C) and 1 atm pressure, which slightly alters the volume occupied by a mole of gas. Understanding how to adjust for these conditions is important for accurately calculating the molarity of CO2 in the air.
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Percorso guidato
01:21Standard Molar Volume
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You make a solution of a nonvolatile solute with a liquid solvent. Indicate if each of the following statements is true or false. (a) The freezing point of the solution is unchanged by addition of the solvent.
674
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Domanda del libro di testo
Breathing air that contains 4.0 % by volume CO2 over time causes rapid breathing, throbbing headache, and nausea, among other symptoms. What is the concentration of CO2 in such air in terms of (a) mol percentage,
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