Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions

Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition

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Brown 14th Edition

Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions

Problema 62b

Capitolo 13, Problema 62b

You make a solution of a nonvolatile solute with a liquid solvent. Indicate if each of the following statements is true or false. (b) The solid that forms as the solution freezes is nearly pure solute.

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insert step 1> Identify the components of the solution: a nonvolatile solute and a liquid solvent.

insert step 2> Understand the process of freezing: as the solution cools, the solvent molecules begin to form a solid structure (crystal lattice).

insert step 3> Consider the nature of the solute: since it is nonvolatile, it does not easily escape into the vapor phase, but it can still be excluded from the solid structure formed by the solvent.

insert step 4> Recognize that during freezing, the solvent molecules preferentially form the solid phase, often excluding the solute molecules, leading to a solid that is nearly pure solvent.

insert step 5> Conclude that the statement is false because the solid that forms as the solution freezes is nearly pure solvent, not solute.

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Nonvolatile Solute

A nonvolatile solute is a substance that does not readily evaporate at room temperature and has a low vapor pressure compared to the solvent. When dissolved in a solvent, it affects the physical properties of the solution, such as lowering the freezing point. This property is crucial in understanding how solutes influence the freezing behavior of solutions.

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Solution Components

Freezing Point Depression

Freezing point depression is a colligative property that describes how the addition of a solute to a solvent lowers the temperature at which the solvent freezes. This phenomenon occurs because solute particles disrupt the formation of the solid lattice structure of the solvent, requiring a lower temperature to achieve solidification. Understanding this concept is essential for predicting the behavior of solutions upon freezing.

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Freezing Point Depression

Purity of Crystallized Solute

When a solution freezes, the solid that forms is typically composed of the solvent in a crystalline structure, while the solute remains dissolved in the liquid phase. In the case of a nonvolatile solute, the solid that forms is not pure solute; instead, it is primarily the solvent, with the solute remaining in the unfrozen solution. This concept is important for understanding the composition of solids formed from solutions.

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Solution Components

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