Domanda del libro di testo
Indicate whether each statement is true or false. (c) In a certain spontaneous process the system undergoes an entropy change of 4.2 J/K; therefore, the entropy change of the surroundings must be -4.2 J/K.
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Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 19, Problema 26a
(a) Does the entropy of the surroundings increase for spontaneous processes?
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Understand that entropy is a measure of disorder or randomness in a system.
Recall the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which states that for any spontaneous process, the total entropy of the universe (system plus surroundings) always increases.
Recognize that the universe's entropy change (ΔS_universe) is the sum of the entropy change of the system (ΔS_system) and the entropy change of the surroundings (ΔS_surroundings).
For a process to be spontaneous, ΔS_universe = ΔS_system + ΔS_surroundings > 0.
Therefore, if the system's entropy decreases, the surroundings' entropy must increase by a greater amount to ensure that the total entropy change is positive, confirming that the entropy of the surroundings increases for spontaneous processes.
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Entropy
Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. In thermodynamics, it quantifies the number of ways a system can be arranged, with higher entropy indicating greater disorder. Understanding entropy is crucial for analyzing spontaneous processes, as they tend to increase the overall entropy of the universe.
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02:46
Entropy in Thermodynamics
Spontaneous Processes
A spontaneous process is a reaction or change that occurs without external intervention. These processes are characterized by a decrease in the free energy of the system, often leading to an increase in the entropy of the universe. Recognizing the conditions under which a process is spontaneous helps in predicting the direction of chemical reactions.
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04:20Spontaneity of Processes
Second Law of Thermodynamics
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time. For a process to be spontaneous, the entropy of the universe (the system plus surroundings) must increase. This principle is fundamental in determining whether the entropy of the surroundings increases during a spontaneous process.
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00:48Second Law of Thermodynamics Example
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo
The element gallium (Ga) freezes at 29.8 °C, and its molar enthalpy of fusion is ΔHfus = 5.59 kJ/mol. (a) When molten gallium solidifies to Ga(s) at its normal melting point, is ΔS positive or negative?
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Domanda del libro di testo
The element gallium (Ga) freezes at 29.8 °C, and its molar enthalpy of fusion is ΔHfus = 5.59 kJ/mol. (b) Calculate the value of ΔS when 60.0 g of Ga(l) solidifies at 29.8 °C.
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Domanda del libro di testo
(c) During a certain reversible process, the surroundings undergo an entropy change, ΔSsurr = -78 J/K. What is the entropy change of the system for this process?
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Domanda del libro di testo
(b) In a particular spontaneous process the entropy of the system decreases. What can you conclude about the sign and magnitude of ΔSsurr?
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