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Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoBrown 14th EditionCh.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and IonsProblema 81b3
Capitolo 2, Problema 81b3

(b) Pentane is the alkane with a chain of five carbon atoms. Determine its empirical formula.

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Understand that the empirical formula represents the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.
Recall that pentane is an alkane with five carbon atoms, and alkanes follow the general molecular formula CnH2n+2 where n is the number of carbon atoms.
Substitute n = 5 into the formula to find the molecular formula of pentane: C_5H_{2(5)+2} = C_5H_{12}.
Determine the ratio of carbon to hydrogen atoms in the molecular formula, which is 5:12.
Since 5 and 12 have no common factors other than 1, the empirical formula is the same as the molecular formula: C_5H_{12}.

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Alkanes and Their Structure

Alkanes are hydrocarbons consisting only of single bonds between carbon atoms, forming a saturated chain. Pentane specifically has five carbon atoms connected in a straight chain, with hydrogen atoms filling the remaining valences. Understanding the structure helps determine the molecular formula.
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Naming Alkanes Example

Molecular Formula vs. Empirical Formula

The molecular formula shows the exact number of each atom in a molecule, while the empirical formula represents the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms. For pentane, the molecular formula is C5H12, and the empirical formula is derived by simplifying this ratio.
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Empirical vs Molecular Formula

Determining Empirical Formula

To find the empirical formula, divide the number of atoms of each element in the molecular formula by their greatest common divisor. For pentane (C5H12), since 5 and 12 share no common divisor other than 1, the empirical formula remains C5H12.
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Empirical vs Molecular Formula
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