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Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoBrown 14th EditionCh.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and IonsProblema 84b
Capitolo 2, Problema 84b

Consider the following organic substances: ethylethanoate, ethylmethylether, hexanol, and propanone. (b) Which of these molecules contain a C = O group?

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Identify the functional groups present in each of the given organic substances.
Recall that a C=O group is known as a carbonyl group, which is characteristic of certain functional groups such as ketones and esters.
Examine the structure of ethylethanoate, which is an ester, and note that esters contain a C=O group.
Consider the structure of propanone, which is a ketone, and recognize that ketones also contain a C=O group.
Conclude that ethylethanoate and propanone are the molecules that contain a C=O group.

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Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In organic chemistry, common functional groups include hydroxyl (-OH), carbonyl (C=O), and ester groups. Identifying functional groups helps in understanding the properties and reactivity of organic compounds.
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Carbonyl Functional Groups

Carbonyl Group

The carbonyl group (C=O) consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom. It is a key feature in various organic compounds, including aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids. The presence of a carbonyl group significantly influences the physical and chemical properties of a molecule, such as polarity and reactivity.
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Carbonyl Functional Groups

Molecular Structure and Nomenclature

Understanding molecular structure and nomenclature is essential for identifying and categorizing organic compounds. Each compound has a specific name that reflects its structure, including the arrangement of atoms and functional groups. Familiarity with IUPAC naming conventions allows chemists to deduce the presence of functional groups, such as the carbonyl group, from the compound's name.
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Molecular Formula
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(b) What functional group characterizes an alcohol?

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Chloropropane is derived from propane by substituting Cl for H on one of the carbon atoms. (a) Draw the structural formulas for the two isomers of chloropropane.

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Consider the following organic substances: ethylethanoate, ethylmethylether, hexanol, and propanone. (a) Which of these molecules contains three carbons?

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Chloropropane is derived from propane by substituting Cl for H on one of the carbon atoms. (b) Suggest names for these two compounds.

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(c) Write a structural formula for 1-pentanol, the alcohol derived from pentane by making a substitution on one of the carbon atoms.