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Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoBrown 14th EditionCh.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and IonsProblema 105
Capitolo 2, Problema 105

From the molecular structures shown here, identify the one that corresponds to each of the following species: (a) chlorine gas; (b) propane; (c) nitrate ion; (d) sulfur trioxide; (e) methyl chloride, CH3Cl.
Molecular structures of chlorine gas, propane, nitrate ion, sulfur trioxide, and methyl chloride.

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Identify the molecular structure of chlorine gas (Cl2). Chlorine gas consists of two chlorine atoms bonded together.
Identify the molecular structure of propane (C3H8). Propane consists of three carbon atoms bonded in a chain with eight hydrogen atoms attached.
Identify the molecular structure of the nitrate ion (NO3-). The nitrate ion consists of one nitrogen atom bonded to three oxygen atoms, with one of the bonds being a double bond.
Identify the molecular structure of sulfur trioxide (SO3). Sulfur trioxide consists of one sulfur atom bonded to three oxygen atoms, with all bonds being double bonds.
Identify the molecular structure of methyl chloride (CH3Cl). Methyl chloride consists of one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms and one chlorine atom.

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Molecular Structure

Molecular structure refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule. It determines the molecule's shape, bond angles, and overall geometry, which are crucial for understanding its chemical properties and reactivity. For example, the linear structure of chlorine gas (Cl2) contrasts with the tetrahedral structure of methane (CH4), influencing their interactions.
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02:08
Molecular Formula

Chemical Formula

A chemical formula represents the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule. It provides essential information about the composition of a substance, such as CH3Cl for methyl chloride, indicating one carbon, three hydrogens, and one chlorine atom. Understanding chemical formulas is vital for identifying and distinguishing between different compounds.
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Skeletal Formula

Ionic vs. Covalent Compounds

Ionic compounds are formed through the transfer of electrons between atoms, resulting in charged ions, while covalent compounds involve the sharing of electrons. For instance, the nitrate ion (NO3-) is an ionic species, whereas propane (C3H8) is a covalent molecule. Recognizing the differences between these types of compounds helps in predicting their behavior and interactions.
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Ionic Compounds Naming
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Domanda del libro di testo

Fill in the blanks in the following table:

Cation Anion Formula Name

Lithium oxide

Fe2+ PO43-

Al2(SO4)3

Copper(II) nitrate

Cr3+ I−

MnClO2

Ammonium carbonate

Zinc perchlorate

Complete the third column of the table.

Complete the fourth column of the table.

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Domanda del libro di testo

The first atoms of seaborgium (Sg) were identified in 1974. The longest-lived isotope of Sg has a mass number of 266. (b) Atoms of Sg are very unstable, and it is therefore difficult to study this element's properties. Based on the position of Sg in the periodic table, what element should it most closely resemble in its chemical properties?

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Domanda del libro di testo

Fill in the blanks in the following table:

Cation Anion Formula Name

Lithium oxide

Fe2+ PO43-

Al2(SO4)3

Copper(II) nitrate

Cr3+ I−

MnClO2

Ammonium carbonate

Zinc perchlorate

Complete the first column of the table.

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