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Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry
Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoBrown 14th EditionCh.21 - Nuclear ChemistryProblema 72
Capitolo 21, Problema 72

Radon-222 decays to a stable nucleus by a series of three alpha emissions and two beta emissions. What is the stable nucleus that is formed?

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1
Identify the initial nucleus: Radon-222 (\(^{222}_{86}\text{Rn}\)).
Understand that an alpha particle emission reduces the atomic number by 2 and the mass number by 4. Therefore, three alpha emissions will reduce the atomic number by 6 and the mass number by 12.
Calculate the new atomic number and mass number after three alpha emissions: \(^{222}_{86}\text{Rn} \rightarrow ^{210}_{80}\text{X}\).
Recognize that a beta particle emission increases the atomic number by 1 without changing the mass number. Therefore, two beta emissions will increase the atomic number by 2.
Calculate the final atomic number and mass number after two beta emissions: \(^{210}_{80}\text{X} \rightarrow ^{210}_{82}\text{Pb}\). The stable nucleus formed is Lead-210 (\(^{210}_{82}\text{Pb}\)).

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Alpha Decay

Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an unstable nucleus emits an alpha particle, consisting of two protons and two neutrons. This process decreases the atomic number by two and the mass number by four, leading to the formation of a new element. Understanding alpha decay is crucial for tracking the changes in the nucleus during the decay process.
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Alpha Decay

Beta Decay

Beta decay occurs when a neutron in an unstable nucleus is transformed into a proton, emitting a beta particle (an electron or positron) in the process. This increases the atomic number by one while keeping the mass number unchanged. Recognizing how beta decay alters the composition of the nucleus is essential for determining the final stable nucleus after multiple decay events.
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Beta Decay

Nuclear Stability

Nuclear stability refers to the ability of a nucleus to remain intact without undergoing radioactive decay. Stable nuclei have balanced ratios of protons to neutrons, which minimizes repulsive forces between protons. Identifying the stable nucleus formed after a series of decays requires understanding the stability criteria and the resulting changes in atomic and mass numbers from the decay processes.
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Band of Stability: Nuclear Fission
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Domanda del libro di testo

Chlorine has two stable nuclides, 35Cl and 37Cl. In contrast, 36Cl is a radioactive nuclide that decays by beta emission. (b) Based on the empirical rules about nuclear stability, explain why the nucleus of 36Cl is less stable than either 35Cl or 37Cl.

Domanda del libro di testo

A laboratory rat is exposed to an alpha-radiation source whose activity is 14.3 mCi. (a) What is the activity of the radiation in disintegrations per second? In becquerels?

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Domanda del libro di testo

The table to the right gives the number of protons (p) and neutrons (n) for four isotopes. (a) Write the symbol for each of the isotopes.

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Domanda del libro di testo

A laboratory rat is exposed to an alpha-radiation source whose activity is 14.3 mCi. (b) The rat has a mass of 385 g and is exposed to the radiation for 14.0 s, absorbing 35% of the emitted alpha particles, each having an energy of 9.12 * 10-13 J. Calculate the absorbed dose in millirads and grays.

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Domanda del libro di testo

Chlorine has two stable nuclides, 35Cl and 37Cl. In contrast, 36Cl is a radioactive nuclide that decays by beta emission. (a) What is the product of decay of 36Cl?

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