Domanda del libro di testo
Would you expect that an anion would be physically closer to the oxygen or to the hydrogens of water molecules that surround it in solution?
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Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 4, Problema 15
We have learned in this chapter that many ionic solids dissolve in water as strong electrolytes; that is, as separated ions in solution. Which statement is most correct about this process? (a) Water is a strong acid and therefore is good at dissolving ionic solids. (b) Water is good at solvating ions because the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water molecules bear partial charges. (c) The hydrogen and oxygen bonds of water are easily broken by ionic solids.
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Identify the nature of water as a solvent. Water is a polar molecule, meaning it has a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom.
Consider the role of water's polarity in dissolving ionic solids. The partial charges on water molecules can interact with the positive and negative ions in an ionic solid.
Evaluate statement (a): Water is not a strong acid; it is a neutral solvent. Therefore, this statement is incorrect.
Evaluate statement (b): The partial charges on the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water make it effective at solvating ions, as these charges can stabilize the ions in solution.
Evaluate statement (c): The bonds within water molecules are not easily broken by ionic solids. Instead, water's ability to dissolve ionic solids is due to its polarity and ability to solvate ions.
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Ionic Compounds and Solubility
Ionic compounds consist of positively and negatively charged ions held together by strong electrostatic forces. When these compounds dissolve in water, the ionic bonds are overcome by the interactions with water molecules, allowing the ions to separate and disperse in solution. This process is essential for understanding how ionic solids behave in aqueous environments.
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02:30
Soluble Ionic Solutes
Polarity of Water
Water is a polar molecule, meaning it has a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom. This polarity allows water molecules to interact effectively with charged ions, stabilizing them in solution through solvation. The ability of water to solvate ions is a key factor in its role as a solvent for ionic compounds.
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02:38Molecular Polarity
Solvation Process
Solvation is the process by which solvent molecules surround and interact with solute ions or molecules. In the case of ionic solids dissolving in water, the water molecules surround the individual ions, effectively separating them from the solid lattice. This interaction is crucial for the dissolution of ionic compounds and is driven by the favorable energy changes associated with the formation of solute-solvent interactions.
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04:20Spontaneity of Processes
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Ignoring protolysis reactions (i.e. proton transfer reaction), specify what ions are present in a solution upon dissolving each of the following substances in water: (b)(NH4)3PO4 (c) Na2Cr2O7 (d) NaPF6.
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Domanda del libro di testo
Choose the best answer: A colloidal dispersion of one liquid
in another is called (a) a gel, (b) an emulsion, (c) a foam,
(d) an aerosol
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Domanda del libro di testo
(b) In the 1850s, Michael Faraday prepared ruby-red
colloids of gold nanoparticles in water that are still stable
today. These brightly colored colloids look like solutions.
What experiment(s) could you do to determine whether a
given colored preparation is a solution or colloid?
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Domanda del libro di testo
Ignoring protolysis reactions (i.e. proton transfer reaction), specify what ions are present in a solution upon dissolving each of the following substances in water: (a)Li2CO3
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