Domanda del libro di testo
For each element, indicate the number of valence electrons, core electrons, and unpaired electrons in the ground state: (c) fluorine.
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Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 6, Problema 76f
Write the condensed electron configurations for the following atoms and indicate how many unpaired electrons each has: (f) Lu.
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Identify the atomic number of Lutetium (Lu) from the periodic table, which is 71.
Write the electron configuration for Lu. Start from the nearest noble gas with a lower atomic number, which is Xenon (Xe), and then add the remaining electrons to the orbitals in the order of increasing energy levels.
The electron configuration of Lu starting from Xe is: [Xe] 6s^2 4f^14 5d^1.
Condense the electron configuration by incorporating the noble gas notation and the filled subshells: [Xe] 4f^14 5d^1 6s^2.
Determine the number of unpaired electrons by examining the electron configuration. In Lu, the 5d orbital has 1 electron, which is unpaired, resulting in one unpaired electron.
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Electron Configuration
Electron configuration describes the distribution of electrons in an atom's orbitals. It is represented using a notation that indicates the energy levels and sublevels occupied by electrons, following the Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule. For example, the electron configuration of Lutetium (Lu) is [Xe] 6s² 4f¹⁴, showing how electrons fill the available orbitals.
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Percorso guidato
01:33
Electron Configuration Example
Unpaired Electrons
Unpaired electrons are those that occupy an orbital alone rather than in pairs. The presence of unpaired electrons is crucial for determining an atom's magnetic properties and reactivity. In the case of Lutetium, it has no unpaired electrons in its ground state configuration, as all its electrons are paired in the 4f and 6s orbitals.
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04:44Electron Geometry
Hund's Rule
Hund's Rule states that electrons will fill degenerate orbitals (orbitals of the same energy) singly before pairing up. This principle helps minimize electron-electron repulsion and stabilizes the atom. Understanding this rule is essential for predicting the number of unpaired electrons in an atom, which is particularly relevant when analyzing transition metals and lanthanides like Lutetium.
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00:28Solubility Rules
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