Domanda del libro di testo
For each element, indicate the number of valence electrons, core electrons, and unpaired electrons in the ground state: (a) sodium (b) sulfur.
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Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 6, Problema 74c
For each element, indicate the number of valence electrons, core electrons, and unpaired electrons in the ground state: (c) fluorine.
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Identify the atomic number of fluorine, which is 9, indicating it has 9 electrons.
Determine the electron configuration of fluorine in its ground state: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^5.
Count the valence electrons: Valence electrons are those in the outermost shell. For fluorine, the 2s and 2p orbitals are the outermost, contributing a total of 7 valence electrons (2 from 2s and 5 from 2p).
Count the core electrons: Core electrons are those not in the outermost shell. For fluorine, the 1s orbital contains 2 core electrons.
Determine the number of unpaired electrons: In the 2p orbital, there are 5 electrons. According to Hund's rule, these electrons will fill the three 2p orbitals as follows: one electron in each of the three orbitals, and the remaining two will pair up in two of the orbitals, leaving one unpaired electron.
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Valence Electrons
Valence electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom and are crucial for determining how an element will react chemically. For fluorine, which has an atomic number of 9, there are 7 valence electrons in its outer shell (2s² 2p⁵). These electrons are involved in bonding and influence the element's reactivity.
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02:12
Transition Metals Valence Electrons
Core Electrons
Core electrons are the electrons that are not involved in bonding and are located in the inner shells of an atom. In the case of fluorine, there are 2 core electrons in the 1s orbital. Understanding the distinction between core and valence electrons is essential for predicting chemical behavior and stability.
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02:32Main Group Elements Valence Electrons
Unpaired Electrons
Unpaired electrons are those that occupy an orbital alone and are significant in determining the magnetic properties and reactivity of an atom. For fluorine, there are 1 unpaired electron in the 2p orbital, which contributes to its high reactivity as it seeks to pair with another electron to achieve a stable octet configuration.
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04:44Electron Geometry
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Write the condensed electron configurations for the following atoms and indicate how many unpaired electrons each has: (f) Lu.
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(c) What does each box in an orbital diagram represent?
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Write the condensed electron configurations for the following atoms and indicate how many unpaired electrons each has: (a) Mg (b) Ge (c) Br (d) V (e) Y.
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(b) What are 'core electrons'?
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