Domanda del libro di testo
Write a balanced equation for the reaction that occurs in each of the following cases: (c) Sodium reacts with oxygen.
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Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 7, Problema 72b
Potassium and hydrogen react to form the ionic compound potassium hydride. (b) Use data in Figures 7.10 and 7.12 to determine the energy change in kJ/mol for the following two reactions:
K(g) + H(g) → K+(g) + H-(g)
K(g) + H(g) → K-(g) + H+(g)
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Identify the type of reactions: The first reaction involves the formation of ions where potassium loses an electron to form K+ and hydrogen gains an electron to form H-. The second reaction involves the opposite ion formation where potassium gains an electron to form K- and hydrogen loses an electron to form H+.
Use ionization energy and electron affinity data: For the first reaction, use the ionization energy of potassium (the energy required to remove an electron from K) and the electron affinity of hydrogen (the energy released when H gains an electron).
Calculate the energy change for the first reaction: Subtract the electron affinity of hydrogen from the ionization energy of potassium to find the net energy change for the formation of K+ and H-.
For the second reaction, use the electron affinity of potassium and the ionization energy of hydrogen: The electron affinity of potassium is the energy released when K gains an electron, and the ionization energy of hydrogen is the energy required to remove an electron from H.
Calculate the energy change for the second reaction: Subtract the ionization energy of hydrogen from the electron affinity of potassium to find the net energy change for the formation of K- and H+.
Compare the energy changes: Analyze which reaction is more favorable based on the calculated energy changes, considering that a negative energy change indicates a more favorable reaction.
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Ionic Compounds
Ionic compounds are formed through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of charged ions. In the case of potassium hydride (KH), potassium (K) donates an electron to hydrogen (H), creating K+ and H- ions. Understanding the nature of ionic bonds is crucial for analyzing the energy changes during the formation and dissociation of such compounds.
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Percorso guidato
02:11
Ionic Compounds Naming
Energy Change in Reactions
The energy change in a chemical reaction, often expressed in kJ/mol, indicates the difference in energy between reactants and products. This can be calculated using Hess's law or by analyzing bond energies. In the given reactions, determining the energy change involves understanding how the formation of ionic bonds releases energy, while breaking them requires energy input.
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01:53Chemical Changes
Standard State and Thermodynamic Data
Thermodynamic data, such as enthalpy changes, are typically reported under standard conditions (1 atm pressure and 25°C). Figures 7.10 and 7.12 likely provide necessary thermodynamic values for the reactants and products involved in the reactions. Familiarity with how to interpret and apply this data is essential for calculating the energy changes associated with the reactions of potassium and hydrogen.
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01:18First Law of Thermodynamics
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Domanda del libro di testo
(a) As described in Section 7.7, the alkali metals react with hydrogen to form hydrides and react with halogens to form halides. Compare the roles of hydrogen and halogens in these reactions. Write balanced equations for the reaction of fluorine with calcium and for the reaction of hydrogen with calcium. (b) What is the oxidation number and electron configuration of calcium in each product?
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Domanda del libro di testo
Little is known about the properties of astatine, At, because of its rarity and high radioactivity. Nevertheless, it is possible for us to make many predictions about its properties. (a) Do you expect the element to be a gas, liquid, or solid at room temperature?
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Domanda del libro di testo
Little is known about the properties of astatine, At, because of its rarity and high radioactivity. Nevertheless, it is possible for us to make many predictions about its properties. (b) Would you expect At to be a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid? Explain.
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