Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding

Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition

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Brown 14th Edition

Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding

Problema 59b

Capitolo 8, Problema 59b

(b) Which of these compounds or ions is an exception to the octet rule: borohydride (BH4-), borazine (B3N3H6, which is analogous to benzene with alternating B and N in the ring), or boron trichloride?

Guida verificata passo dopo passo

Identify the octet rule, which states that atoms tend to form compounds in ways that give them eight valence electrons, achieving a noble gas configuration.

Examine the structure of borohydride (BH4-): Boron typically forms three bonds, but in BH4-, it forms four bonds, achieving an octet by sharing electrons with hydrogen atoms.

Analyze borazine (B3N3H6): Boron and nitrogen alternate in a ring structure similar to benzene. Boron typically does not achieve a full octet in such structures, as it forms three bonds and has six valence electrons.

Consider boron trichloride (BCl3): Boron forms three bonds with chlorine atoms, resulting in only six valence electrons around boron, which is less than an octet.

Conclude that boron trichloride (BCl3) is an exception to the octet rule, as boron does not achieve a full octet in this compound.

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Octet Rule

The octet rule is a chemical guideline stating that atoms tend to bond in such a way that they each have eight electrons in their valence shell, achieving a stable electron configuration similar to that of noble gases. This rule primarily applies to main group elements and helps predict the bonding behavior of atoms in molecules.

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01:36

Octet Rule

Electron Deficiency

Electron deficiency occurs when an atom does not have enough electrons to complete its octet, often seen in compounds with elements from group 13, such as boron. These compounds can form stable structures despite having fewer than eight electrons around the central atom, leading to exceptions to the octet rule.

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04:44

Electron Geometry

Resonance Structures

Resonance structures are different ways of drawing the same molecule that illustrate the delocalization of electrons. In compounds like borazine, resonance can help explain the stability and bonding characteristics that deviate from the octet rule, as the electrons are shared among multiple atoms rather than localized.

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01:42

Resonance Structures

Pratica correlata

Domanda del libro di testo

Mothballs are composed of naphthalene, C₁₀H₈, a molecule that consists of two six-membered rings of carbon fused along an edge, as shown in this incomplete Lewis structure:

(c) Not all of the C—C bond lengths in naphthalene are equivalent. Based on your resonance structures, how many C—C bonds in the molecule do you expect to be shorter than the others?

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Domanda del libro di testo

(a) Which of these compounds is an exception to the octet rule: carbon dioxide, water, ammonia, phosphorus trifluoride, or arsenic pentafluoride?

Domanda del libro di testo

Mothballs are composed of naphthalene, C₁₀H₈, a molecule that consists of two six-membered rings of carbon fused along an edge, as shown in this incomplete Lewis structure:

(b) Do you expect the C—C bond lengths in the molecule to be similar to those of C—C single bonds, C ═C double bonds, or intermediate between C—C single and C ═C double bonds?

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Domanda del libro di testo

For Group 13–17 elements in the third row of the periodic table and beyond, the octet rule is often not obeyed. A friend of yours says this is because these heavier elements are more likely to make double or triple bonds. Another friend of yours says that this is because the heavier elements are larger and can make bonds to more than four atoms at a time. Which friend is more correct?

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