Domanda del libro di testo
(a) Construct a Lewis structure for hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, in which each atom achieves an octet of electrons.
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Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 8, Problema 35c
(c) Would you expect the O—O bond in O2 to be shorter or longer than the O—O bond in compounds that contain an O—O single bond? Explain.
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Understand the concept of bond order: Bond order refers to the number of chemical bonds between a pair of atoms. In molecular oxygen (O2), the bond order is 2, indicating a double bond.
Compare bond types: A single bond typically consists of one sigma bond, while a double bond consists of one sigma bond and one pi bond. Double bonds are generally shorter and stronger than single bonds due to the additional pi bond.
Consider the bond length: Bond length is inversely related to bond order. Higher bond order usually results in shorter bond lengths because the atoms are held together more tightly.
Apply this to O2: Since O2 has a double bond (bond order of 2), the O—O bond in O2 is expected to be shorter than the O—O bond in compounds with an O—O single bond (bond order of 1).
Conclude with reasoning: The presence of a pi bond in O2 contributes to a shorter bond length compared to a single bond, which lacks the additional pi bond. Therefore, the O—O bond in O2 is shorter than in compounds with an O—O single bond.
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Bond Order
Bond order refers to the number of chemical bonds between a pair of atoms. In the case of O2, the bond order is 2, indicating a double bond, which typically results in a shorter bond length compared to a single bond. Higher bond orders generally lead to stronger and shorter bonds due to increased electron sharing.
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Percorso guidato
00:36
Average Bond Order
Bond Length
Bond length is the average distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms. It is influenced by the type of bond (single, double, or triple) and the size of the atoms involved. In general, double bonds (like in O2) are shorter than single bonds due to the stronger attraction between the bonded atoms.
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Percorso guidato
00:36Average Bond Order
Resonance Structures
Resonance structures are different ways of drawing the same molecule that show the delocalization of electrons. In compounds with O—O single bonds, resonance can affect bond length and strength. However, in O2, the presence of a double bond means that resonance is not a factor, leading to a more stable and shorter bond compared to single-bonded oxygen compounds.
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Percorso guidato
01:42Resonance Structures
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo
(b) How many bonding electrons are in the structure?
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Domanda del libro di testo
Using Lewis symbols and Lewis structures, diagram the formation of PF3 from P and F atoms, showing valence-shell electrons. (a) How many valence electrons does P have initially? (c) How many valence electrons surround the P in the PF3 molecule? (d) How many valence electrons surround each P in the PF3 molecule?
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Domanda del libro di testo
Using Lewis symbols and Lewis structures, diagram the formation of PF3 from P and F atoms, showing valence-shell electrons. (e) Does PF3 obey the octet rule?
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Domanda del libro di testo
(c) Do you expect the O—O bond in H2O2 to be longer or shorter than the O—O bond in O2? Explain.
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Domanda del libro di testo
Which of the following statements about electronegativity is false? (a) Electronegativity is the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electron density toward itself. (b) Electronegativity is the same thing as electron affinity. (c) The numerical values for electronegativity have no units. (d) Fluorine is the most electronegative element. (e) Cesium is the least electronegative element.
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