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Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding
Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoBrown 14th EditionCh.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical BondingProblema 107b
Capitolo 8, Problema 107b

A common form of elemental phosphorus is the tetrahedral P4 molecule, where all four phosphorus atoms are equivalent: 
(b) How many P-P bonds are there in the molecule?

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Understand the structure of the P_4 molecule: The P_4 molecule is a tetrahedral structure, meaning it forms a shape similar to a pyramid with a triangular base.
Visualize the tetrahedral shape: In a tetrahedral P_4 molecule, each phosphorus atom is located at a vertex of the tetrahedron.
Identify the bonds: In a tetrahedral structure, each vertex (phosphorus atom) is connected to three other vertices (phosphorus atoms) by P-P bonds.
Count the bonds: Since each phosphorus atom forms bonds with three other phosphorus atoms, you might initially think there are 4 x 3 = 12 bonds.
Avoid double-counting: Each bond is shared between two phosphorus atoms, so the actual number of unique P-P bonds is 12/2 = 6.

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Molecular Structure

The molecular structure of a compound refers to the arrangement of atoms within the molecule. In the case of P4, the tetrahedral geometry indicates that the four phosphorus atoms are arranged at the corners of a tetrahedron, which influences the bonding and overall stability of the molecule.
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Molecular Formula

Covalent Bonds

Covalent bonds are formed when two atoms share electrons, allowing them to achieve a more stable electron configuration. In P4, each phosphorus atom forms single covalent bonds with the other three phosphorus atoms, resulting in a network of interconnected atoms.
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02:03
Chemical Bonds

Counting Bonds

To determine the number of bonds in a molecule, one must consider how many pairs of atoms are connected. In P4, each of the four phosphorus atoms is bonded to three others, leading to a total of six P-P bonds, as each bond is counted once for each pair of atoms.
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Bond Angles
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A common form of elemental phosphorus is the tetrahedral P4 molecule, where all four phosphorus atoms are equivalent: 

Draw a Lewis structure for a linear P4 molecule that satisfies the octet rule. Does this molecule have resonance structures?

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Acetylene (C2H2) and nitrogen (N2) both contain a triple bond, but they differ greatly in their chemical properties. (e) Both N2 and C2H2 possess triple bonds with quite high bond enthalpies (Table 8.3). Calculate the enthalpy of hydrogenation per mole for both compounds: acetylene plus H2 to make methane, CH4; nitrogen plus H2 to make ammonia, NH3.

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Trifluoroacetic acid has the chemical formula CF3CO2H. It is a colorless liquid that has a density of 1.489 g/mL. (b) Trifluoroacetic acid can react with NaOH in aqueous solution to produce the trifluoroacetate ion, CF3COO2. Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction.

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Trifluoroacetic acid has the chemical formula CF3CO2H. It is a colorless liquid that has a density of 1.489 g/mL (a) Trifluoroacetic acid contains one CF3 unit and is connected to the other C atom which bonds with both O’s. Draw the Lewis structure for trifluoroacetic acid.

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Under special conditions, sulfur reacts with anhydrous liquid ammonia to form a binary compound of sulfur and nitrogen. The compound is found to consist of 69.6% S and 30.4% N. Measurements of its molecular mass yield a value of 184.3 g/mol. The compound occasionally detonates on being struck or when heated rapidly. The sulfur and nitrogen atoms of the molecule are joined in a ring. All the bonds in the ring are of the same length. (b) Write Lewis structures for the molecule, based on the information you are given. (Hint: You should find a relatively small number of dominant Lewis structures.)

Domanda del libro di testo

Under special conditions, sulfur reacts with anhydrous liquid ammonia to form a binary compound of sulfur and nitrogen. The compound is found to consist of 69.6% S and 30.4% N. Measurements of its molecular mass yield a value of 184.3 g/mol. The compound occasionally detonates on being struck or when heated rapidly. The sulfur and nitrogen atoms of the molecule are joined in a ring. All the bonds in the ring are of the same length. (a) Calculate the empirical and molecular formulas for the substance.

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