Domanda del libro di testo
(b) What is the ratio of HCO3- to H2CO3 in an exhausted marathon runner whose blood pH is 7.1?
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Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement146
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions200
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry176
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution155
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry126
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms131
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements126
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding123
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories143
- Ch.10 - Gases147
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces91
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials122
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions126
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics174
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium101
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria139
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria146
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment72
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics129
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry142
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry101
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals68
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry66
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry10
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Brown 15th EditionCh.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous EquilibriaProblema 31b
Brown 15th EditionCh.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous EquilibriaProblema 31bCapitolo 17, Problema 31b
You have to prepare a pH = 3.50 buffer, and you have the following 0.10 M solutions available: HCOOH, CH3COOH, H3PO4, HCOONa, CH3COONa, and NaH2PO4. How many milliliters of each solution would you use to make approximately 1 L of the buffer?
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Identify the acid-base pairs available: HCOOH/HCOONa, CH3COOH/CH3COONa, and H3PO4/NaH2PO4. These pairs can form buffers.
Determine the pKa values for each acid: HCOOH (pKa ≈ 3.75), CH3COOH (pKa ≈ 4.76), and H3PO4 (pKa ≈ 2.15 for the first dissociation). Choose the acid-base pair with a pKa closest to the desired pH of 3.50, which is HCOOH/HCOONa.
Use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to find the ratio of the concentrations of the acid and its conjugate base: \( \text{pH} = \text{pKa} + \log \left( \frac{[\text{A}^-]}{[\text{HA}]} \right) \). Substitute pH = 3.50 and pKa = 3.75 to solve for the ratio \( \frac{[\text{HCOONa}]}{[\text{HCOOH}]} \).
Calculate the volumes of HCOOH and HCOONa needed to achieve the desired concentration ratio. Assume the total volume of the buffer is approximately 1 L, and use the concentration of 0.10 M for both solutions. Let \( V_1 \) be the volume of HCOOH and \( V_2 \) be the volume of HCOONa, then \( V_1 + V_2 \approx 1000 \text{ mL} \).
Solve the system of equations derived from the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and the total volume constraint to find the specific volumes of HCOOH and HCOONa needed to prepare the buffer.
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Buffer Solutions
A buffer solution is a system that resists changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of acid or base. It typically consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. In this case, the pH of 3.50 indicates the use of a weak acid and its salt to maintain the desired acidity.
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Percorso guidato
03:02
Buffer Solutions
Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relates the pH of a buffer solution to the concentration of its acid and conjugate base. It is expressed as pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]), where pKa is the acid dissociation constant. This equation is essential for calculating the required amounts of the acid and its salt to achieve the target pH.
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Percorso guidato
02:40Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
Concentration and Dilution
Concentration refers to the amount of solute present in a given volume of solution, typically expressed in molarity (M). When preparing a buffer, it is crucial to understand how to calculate the volumes of concentrated solutions needed to achieve the desired final concentrations in the buffer. This involves using dilution principles to ensure the correct proportions of the components.
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Percorso guidato
00:58Dilution Equation
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The accompanying graph shows the titration curves for two monoprotic acids. (d) Estimate the pKa of the weak acid.
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You have to prepare a pH = 5.00 buffer, and you have the following 0.10 M solutions available: HCOOH, HCOONa, CH3COOH, CH3COONa, HCN, and NaCN. How many milliliters of each solution would you use to make approximately 1 L of the buffer?
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You have to prepare a pH = 3.50 buffer, and you have the following 0.10 M solutions available: HCOOH, CH3COOH, H3PO4, HCOONa, CH3COONa, and NaH2PO4. Which solutions would you use?
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Domanda del libro di testo
You have to prepare a pH = 5.00 buffer, and you have the following 0.10 M solutions available: HCOOH, HCOONa, CH3COOH, CH3COONa, HCN, and NaCN. Which solutions would you use?
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