Domanda del libro di testo
The normal boiling point of Br2(𝑙) is 58.8 °C, and its molar enthalpy of vaporization is Δ𝐻vap=29.6kJ/mol. (b) Calculate the value of Δ𝑆 when 1.00 mol of Br2(𝑙) is vaporized at 58.8 °C.
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Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement146
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions200
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry176
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution155
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry126
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms131
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements126
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding123
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories143
- Ch.10 - Gases147
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces91
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials122
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions126
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics174
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium101
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria139
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria146
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment72
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics129
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry142
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry101
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals68
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry66
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry10
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 19, Problema 21d
Indicate whether each statement is true or false. (a) ΔS is a state function. (b) If a system undergoes a reversible change, the entropy of the universe increases. (c) If a system undergoes a reversible process, the change in entropy of the system is exactly matched by an equal and opposite change in the entropy of the surroundings. (d) If a system undergoes a reversible process, the entropy change of the system must be zero.
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Identify the concept of a state function and recall that state functions depend only on the state of the system, not on how the system reached that state. Apply this to determine if ΔS (change in entropy) is a state function.
Understand the definition of entropy and the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time. Use this to evaluate the statement about entropy change during a reversible change.
Recall the concept of reversible processes and how they relate to entropy. In a reversible process, the system is in thermodynamic equilibrium with its surroundings. Analyze how this affects the entropy changes in the system and its surroundings.
Understand the definition of a reversible process and its characteristics, particularly how it relates to changes in entropy. Consider whether the entropy change of the system must be zero for a process to be reversible.
Combine the knowledge of reversible processes and entropy to critically evaluate each statement and determine if it is true or false based on the principles of thermodynamics.
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State Functions
State functions are properties of a system that depend only on its current state, not on the path taken to reach that state. Examples include internal energy, enthalpy, and entropy (ΔS). Understanding that ΔS is a state function means recognizing that its value is determined solely by the initial and final states of the system, regardless of the process involved.
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03:37
Logarithmic Functions
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time. In a reversible process, the entropy of the universe (system plus surroundings) increases, indicating that while the system may return to its original state, the overall disorder or randomness increases, reflecting the natural tendency towards equilibrium.
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00:48Second Law of Thermodynamics Example
Reversible Processes
A reversible process is an idealized process that occurs infinitely slowly, allowing the system to remain in equilibrium at all times. In such processes, the change in entropy of the system is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to the change in entropy of the surroundings, leading to no net change in the total entropy of the universe. However, this does not imply that the entropy change of the system is zero.
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03:42Reversible Changes in Matter
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo
A system goes from state 1 to state 2 and back to state 1 following a reversible path in both directions. Which of the following statements about this process is or are true?
c. The value of w on going from state 1 to state 2 is equal in magnitude and opposite in sign to the value of w on going from state 2 back to state 1.
Domanda del libro di testo
The normal freezing point of n-octane (C8H18) is -57 °C. (b) In what temperature range is the freezing of n-octane a spontaneous process?
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Domanda del libro di testo
The normal boiling point of Br2(l) is 58.8 °C, and its molar enthalpy of vaporization is ΔHvap = 29.6 kJ/mol. (a) When Br2(l) boils at its normal boiling point, does its entropy increase or decrease?
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Domanda del libro di testo
The normal freezing point of n-octane (C8H18) is -57 °C. (d) Is there any temperature at which liquid n-octane and solid n-octane are in equilibrium? Explain.
613
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