For each set of atoms and ions, pick the smallest one.
a...

Question

For each set of atoms and ions, pick the smallest one.

a. I, I+, I−

b. Be2+, Ca2+, Mg2+

c. Fe, Fe2+, Fe3+

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Understand the concept of atomic and ionic size. Generally, cations (positively charged ions) are smaller than their neutral atoms because they lose electrons, reducing electron-electron repulsion and allowing the remaining electrons to be pulled closer to the nucleus. Anions (negatively charged ions) are larger than their neutral atoms because they gain electrons, increasing electron-electron repulsion.. Step 2: Analyze set (a): I, $$I^{+}$$, $$I^{−}. $$Iodine (I) is a neutral atom. $$I^{+} is a $$cation, which means it has lost an electron, making it smaller than the neutral iodine atom. $$I^{−} is an $$anion, which means it has gained an electron, making it larger than the neutral iodine atom.. Step 3: Analyze set (b): $$Be^{2+}$$, $$Ca^{2+}$$, $$Mg^{2+}. $$All are cations with a +2 charge, but they belong to different periods in the periodic table. As you move down a group in the periodic table, the size of the ions increases due to the addition of electron shells. Therefore, $$Be^{2+} is $$the smallest because it is in the second period, while $$Ca^{2+} is in $$the fourth period, and $$Mg^{2+} is in $$the third period.. Step 4: Analyze set (c): Fe, $$Fe^{2+}$$, $$Fe^{3+}. $$Iron (Fe) is a neutral atom. $$Fe^{2+}$$ and $$Fe^{3+}$$ are cations, with $$Fe^{3+}$$ having lost more electrons than $$Fe^{2+}. $$Therefore, $$Fe^{3+} is $$smaller than $$Fe^{2+}$$ due to the greater positive charge pulling the remaining electrons closer to the nucleus.. Step 5: Compare the sizes within each set based on the analysis from the previous steps and identify the smallest atom or ion in each set.

For each set of atoms and ions, pick the smallest one.
a. I, I+, I−
b. Be2+, Ca2+, Mg2+
c. Fe, Fe2+, Fe3+

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Concetti chiave

Atomic Radius

Ionic Radius

Effective Nuclear Charge (Z_eff)

For each set of atoms and ions, pick the smallest one.a. I, I+, I−b. Be2+, Ca2+, Mg2+c. Fe, Fe2+, Fe3+