Domanda del libro di testo
b. The NH3 molecule is trigonal pyramidal, while BF3 is trigonal planar. Which of these molecules is flat?
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Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement146
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions200
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry176
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution155
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry126
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms131
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements126
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding123
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories143
- Ch.10 - Gases147
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces91
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials122
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions126
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics174
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium101
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria139
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria146
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment72
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics129
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry142
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry101
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals68
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry66
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry10
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 9, Problema 19b
(b) An AB4 molecule has two lone pairs of electrons on the A atom (in addition to the four B atoms). What is the electron-domain geometry around the A atom?
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Identify the total number of electron domains around the central atom A. This includes both bonding pairs (from the B atoms) and lone pairs on A.
Count the bonding pairs from the four B atoms and the two lone pairs on A. This gives a total of six electron domains around atom A.
Recall that the arrangement of electron domains is determined by minimizing repulsions between them, according to VSEPR theory.
Use the VSEPR model to determine the geometry that accommodates six electron domains. This is typically an octahedral arrangement.
Conclude that the electron-domain geometry around the A atom, considering both bonding pairs and lone pairs, is octahedral.
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Electron-Domain Geometry
Electron-domain geometry refers to the spatial arrangement of all electron domains (bonding and lone pairs) around a central atom in a molecule. It helps predict the shape of the molecule based on the number of electron pairs, whether they are involved in bonding or are lone pairs. The geometry is determined using the VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, which states that electron pairs will arrange themselves to minimize repulsion.
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Percorso guidato
04:44
Electron Geometry
VSEPR Theory
VSEPR theory is a model used to predict the geometry of individual molecules based on the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms. According to this theory, electron pairs, including lone pairs and bonding pairs, repel each other and will arrange themselves in a way that maximizes the distance between them. This results in specific molecular shapes, such as tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, or octahedral, depending on the number of electron domains.
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02:13Molecular Shapes and VSEPR
Lone Pairs and Their Influence
Lone pairs are pairs of valence electrons that are not involved in bonding and are localized on a single atom. They occupy space and exert repulsive forces on other electron domains, influencing the overall geometry of the molecule. In the case of the AB4 molecule with two lone pairs on the A atom, these lone pairs will affect the arrangement of the bonding pairs, leading to a specific electron-domain geometry that differs from that of a molecule with only bonding pairs.
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01:33Lone Pair Positions
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Describe the bond angles to be found in each of the following molecular structures: (a) trigonal planar, (b) tetrahedral, (c) octahedral, (d) linear.
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a. Methane (CH4) and the perchlorate ion (ClO4−) are both described as tetrahedral. What does this indicate about their bond angles?
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Domanda del libro di testo
In which of the following molecules can you confidently predict the bond angles about the central atom, and for which would you be a bit uncertain? Explain in each case. (a) H2S, (b) BCl3, (c) CH3I, (d) CBr4, (e) TeBr4.
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Domanda del libro di testo
Would you expect the nonbonding electron-pair domain in NH3 to be greater or less in size than the corresponding one in PH3?
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