Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement

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McMurry 8th Edition

Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement

Problema 57

Capitolo 1, Problema 57

Tungsten, the element used to make filaments in light bulbs, has a melting point of 6192 °F. Convert this temperature to degrees Celsius and to kelvin.

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Start by converting the melting point from Fahrenheit to Celsius using the formula: \( C = \frac{5}{9} (F - 32) \).

Substitute the given Fahrenheit temperature (6192 °F) into the formula: \( C = \frac{5}{9} (6192 - 32) \).

Simplify the expression inside the parentheses: \( 6192 - 32 \).

Multiply the result by \( \frac{5}{9} \) to find the temperature in Celsius.

Convert the Celsius temperature to Kelvin using the formula: \( K = C + 273.15 \).

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Temperature Conversion

Temperature conversion involves changing a temperature value from one scale to another, commonly from Fahrenheit to Celsius or Kelvin. The formulas used are: for Celsius, subtract 32 from the Fahrenheit value and then multiply by 5/9; for Kelvin, add 273.15 to the Celsius value. Understanding these conversions is essential for accurately interpreting temperature data in different scientific contexts.

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Percorso guidato

02:10

Temperature Conversion Example

Fahrenheit Scale

The Fahrenheit scale is a temperature scale where water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees under standard atmospheric conditions. It is primarily used in the United States and a few other countries. Familiarity with this scale is important when dealing with temperatures commonly reported in Fahrenheit, especially in everyday contexts like weather and cooking.

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02:33

The pH Scale

Kelvin Scale

The Kelvin scale is an absolute temperature scale used in scientific contexts, where 0 K (zero Kelvin) represents absolute zero, the theoretical point where all molecular motion ceases. The Kelvin scale is directly related to the Celsius scale, with a difference of 273.15 degrees. It is crucial for calculations in thermodynamics and physical chemistry, as it provides a consistent framework for temperature measurements.

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Percorso guidato

02:33

The pH Scale

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Suppose you were dissatisfied with both Celsius and Fahrenheit units and wanted to design your own temperature scale based on ethyl alcohol (ethanol). On the Celsius scale, ethanol has a melting point of -117.3 °C and a boiling point of 78.5 °C, but on your new scale calibrated in units of degrees ethanol, °E, you define ethanol to melt at 0 °E and boil at 200 °E. (b) How does an ethanol degree compare in size with a Fahrenheit degree?

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Suppose you were dissatisfied with both Celsius and Fahrenheit units and wanted to design your own temperature scale based on ethyl alcohol (ethanol). On the Celsius scale, ethanol has a melting point of -117.3 °C and a boiling point of 78.5 °C, but on your new scale calibrated in units of degrees ethanol, °E, you define ethanol to melt at 0 °E and boil at 200 °E. (c) What are the melting and boiling points of water on the ethanol scale?

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Suppose you were dissatisfied with both Celsius and Fahrenheit units and wanted to design your own temperature scale based on ethyl alcohol (ethanol). On the Celsius scale, ethanol has a melting point of -117.3 °C and a boiling point of 78.5 °C, but on your new scale calibrated in units of degrees ethanol, °E, you define ethanol to melt at 0 °E and boil at 200 °E. (d) What is normal human body temperature (98.6 °F) on the ethanol scale?

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The normal body temperature of a goat is 39.9 °C, and that of an Australian spiny anteater is 22.2 °C. Express these tem-peratures in degrees Fahrenheit.

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Of the 90 or so naturally occurring elements, only four are liquid near room temperature: mercury (melting point = -38.87 °C), bromine (melting point = -7.2 °C), cesium (melting point = 28.40 °C), and gallium (melting point = 29.78 °C). Convert these melting points to degrees Fahrenheit.

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