Domanda del libro di testo
Assume that you have a cylinder with a movable piston. What would happen to the gas volume of the cylinder if you were to do the following? (d) Double the Kelvin temperature and double the pressure
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Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement170
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions160
- Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions169
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution199
- Ch.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of Atoms102
- Ch.6 - Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory92
- Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures61
- Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure59
- Ch.9 - Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy122
- Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior155
- Ch.11 - Liquids & Phase Changes54
- Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials73
- Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties120
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics98
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium125
- Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids & Bases110
- Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria147
- Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium86
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry154
- Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry96
- Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry156
- Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements187
- Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry51
Capitolo 10, Problema 51
Which sample contains more molecules: 2.50 L of air at 50 °C and 750 mm Hg pressure or 2.16 L of CO2 at -10 °C and 765 mm Hg pressure?
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Step 1: Use the Ideal Gas Law, PV = nRT, to find the number of moles (n) for each gas sample. Remember that P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature in Kelvin.
Step 2: Convert the given temperatures from Celsius to Kelvin by adding 273.15 to each temperature. For the air sample, T = 50 + 273.15 K. For the CO2 sample, T = -10 + 273.15 K.
Step 3: Convert the pressures from mm Hg to atm, since the ideal gas constant R is typically given in L·atm/(mol·K). Use the conversion factor: 1 atm = 760 mm Hg. For the air sample, P = 750 mm Hg. For the CO2 sample, P = 765 mm Hg.
Step 4: Substitute the values for P, V, and T into the Ideal Gas Law equation for each sample to solve for n (number of moles). Use R = 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K).
Step 5: Compare the number of moles calculated for each sample. The sample with the greater number of moles contains more molecules, as the number of molecules is directly proportional to the number of moles.
Concetti chiave
Ecco i concetti essenziali che devi comprendere per rispondere correttamente alla domanda.
Ideal Gas Law
The Ideal Gas Law relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of a gas through the equation PV = nRT. Here, P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature in Kelvin. This law allows us to calculate the number of molecules in a gas sample by rearranging the equation to find n, which is directly proportional to the number of molecules.
Video consigliato:
Percorso guidato
01:15
Ideal Gas Law Formula
Molar Volume of a Gas
At standard temperature and pressure (STP), one mole of an ideal gas occupies approximately 22.4 liters. However, the volume occupied by a gas can change with temperature and pressure. Understanding how to convert conditions to STP or use the Ideal Gas Law is essential for comparing the number of molecules in different gas samples under varying conditions.
Video consigliato:
Percorso guidato
00:51The Ideal Gas Law: Molar Mass
Temperature and Pressure Effects on Gas Behavior
Temperature and pressure significantly affect gas behavior, influencing the volume and number of molecules present. Higher temperatures increase kinetic energy, leading to greater volume if pressure is constant, while higher pressure compresses gas into a smaller volume. Recognizing how these factors interact is crucial for accurately determining the number of molecules in different gas samples.
Video consigliato:
Percorso guidato
01:08Standard Temperature and Pressure
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Domanda del libro di testo
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Domanda del libro di testo
Assume that you have a cylinder with a movable piston. What would happen to the gas volume of the cylinder if you were to do the following? (b) Increase the amount of gas by one-fourth while holding the temperature and pressure constant
513
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