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Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties
McMurry - Chemistry 8th Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoMcMurry 8th EditionCh.13 - Solutions & Their PropertiesProblema 56
Capitolo 13, Problema 56

Assuming that seawater is an aqueous solution of NaCl, what is its molarity? The density of seawater is 1.025 g/mL at 20 °C, and the NaCl concentration is 3.50 mass %.

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Calculate the mass of NaCl in 1 liter of seawater by using the given mass percentage: 3.50%. This means there are 3.50 grams of NaCl in every 100 grams of seawater.
Determine the mass of 1 liter of seawater using its density. Since the density is 1.025 g/mL, the mass of 1 liter (1000 mL) of seawater is 1.025 g/mL * 1000 mL.
Calculate the mass of NaCl in 1 liter of seawater using the mass percentage: (3.50/100) * mass of 1 liter of seawater.
Convert the mass of NaCl to moles using the molar mass of NaCl (approximately 58.44 g/mol).
Calculate the molarity of the NaCl solution by dividing the number of moles of NaCl by the volume of the solution in liters (1 liter in this case).

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Molarity

Molarity is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It is expressed in moles per liter (mol/L) and is crucial for understanding how much solute is present in a given volume of solution. To calculate molarity, one must know the mass of the solute, its molar mass, and the total volume of the solution.
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Molarity

Density

Density is the mass of a substance per unit volume, typically expressed in grams per milliliter (g/mL) or kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³). In this context, the density of seawater (1.025 g/mL) is essential for converting the mass of seawater into volume, which is necessary for calculating molarity. Understanding density helps in determining how much solution is present when given a mass.
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Density Concepts

Mass Percent Concentration

Mass percent concentration is a way to express the concentration of a solute in a solution, calculated as the mass of the solute divided by the total mass of the solution, multiplied by 100. In this case, a 3.50 mass % NaCl concentration means that there are 3.50 grams of NaCl in every 100 grams of seawater. This concept is vital for determining the amount of solute when calculating molarity.
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