For each of the following equilibria, write the equilibrium constant expression for Kc. Where appropriate, also write the equilibrium constant expression for Kp. (a) Fe2O31s2 + 3 CO1g2 ∆ 2 Fe1l2 + 3 CO21g2

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Identify the balanced chemical equation: \( \text{Fe}_2\text{O}_3(s) + 3 \text{CO}(g) \rightleftharpoons 2 \text{Fe}(l) + 3 \text{CO}_2(g) \).

Recognize that the equilibrium constant expression \( K_c \) is based on the concentrations of gases and aqueous solutions, excluding pure solids and liquids.

Write the expression for \( K_c \) using the concentrations of the gaseous species: \( K_c = \frac{[\text{CO}_2]^3}{[\text{CO}]^3} \).

For \( K_p \), use the partial pressures of the gases: \( K_p = \frac{(P_{\text{CO}_2})^3}{(P_{\text{CO}})^3} \).

Note that \( K_p \) and \( K_c \) are related by the equation \( K_p = K_c(RT)^{\Delta n} \), where \( \Delta n \) is the change in moles of gas (\( \Delta n = 3 - 3 = 0 \) in this case).

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Equilibrium Constant (Kc and Kp)

The equilibrium constant (K) quantifies the ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants at equilibrium for a reversible reaction. Kc is used when concentrations are expressed in molarity (M), while Kp is used when dealing with partial pressures of gases. The relationship between Kc and Kp is given by the equation Kp = Kc(RT)Δn, where Δn is the change in moles of gas.

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Kp vs. Kc Formula

Chemical Equilibrium

Chemical equilibrium occurs when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, resulting in constant concentrations of reactants and products. At this point, the system is dynamic, meaning that reactions continue to occur, but there is no net change in concentration. Understanding this concept is crucial for writing equilibrium expressions accurately.

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Chemical Equilibrium Concepts

Stoichiometry in Equilibrium Expressions

The stoichiometry of a balanced chemical equation dictates how to write the equilibrium constant expression. The coefficients of the balanced equation become the exponents in the K expression. For example, in the reaction aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD, the equilibrium expression is Kc = [C]^c[D]^d / [A]^a[B]^b, emphasizing the importance of the stoichiometric coefficients.

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