Domanda del libro di testo
Consider the gas-phase reaction of AB3 and A2 molecules:
(a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction.
(b) What is the sign of the entropy change for the reaction?
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Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement170
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions160
- Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions169
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution199
- Ch.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of Atoms102
- Ch.6 - Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory92
- Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures61
- Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure59
- Ch.9 - Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy122
- Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior155
- Ch.11 - Liquids & Phase Changes54
- Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials73
- Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties120
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics98
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium125
- Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids & Bases110
- Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria147
- Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium86
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry154
- Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry96
- Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry156
- Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements187
- Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry51
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McMurry 8th EditionCh.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & EquilibriumProblema 16
McMurry 8th EditionCh.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & EquilibriumProblema 16Capitolo 18, Problema 16
Consider the following graph of total free energy of reactants and products versus reaction progress for the general reaction, Reactants -> Products. At which of the four points (labeled a, b, c, and d) is Q < K? 
(a) Point a
(b) Point c and d
(c) Point a, c, and d
(d) Point b
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Identify the points on the graph where the reaction is not at equilibrium. These points are where the reaction quotient Q is not equal to the equilibrium constant K.
Understand that at equilibrium, Q = K, and the system is at its lowest free energy state.
Recognize that points a, b, c, and d are not at equilibrium because they are not at the lowest free energy state (point e).
Determine the direction of the reaction progress. If the reaction proceeds towards products, Q < K; if it proceeds towards reactants, Q > K.
Since points a, c, and d are on the path towards the products (lower free energy), Q < K at these points.
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Gibbs Free Energy (G)
Gibbs Free Energy is a thermodynamic potential that measures the maximum reversible work obtainable from a thermodynamic system at constant temperature and pressure. It is a crucial factor in determining the spontaneity of a reaction; if the change in Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) is negative, the reaction is spontaneous in the forward direction.
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Percorso guidato
01:51
Gibbs Free Energy of Reactions
Reaction Quotient (Q) and Equilibrium Constant (K)
The reaction quotient (Q) is a measure of the relative concentrations of products and reactants at any point in a reaction, while the equilibrium constant (K) is the value of Q when the reaction is at equilibrium. When Q < K, it indicates that the reaction will proceed in the forward direction to reach equilibrium, favoring the formation of products.
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Percorso guidato
00:49Reaction Quotient Q
Free Energy Diagram
A free energy diagram visually represents the change in Gibbs Free Energy as a reaction progresses from reactants to products. It typically shows the energy levels of reactants and products, along with transition states, and helps identify points of interest, such as where Q is less than K, indicating the direction in which the reaction will favorably proceed.
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Percorso guidato
01:57Energy Diagrams
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo
Ammonium hydrogen sulfide, a stink bomb ingredient, decomposes to ammonia and hydrogen sulfide: Calculate the standard free-energy change for the rection at 25 °C if the total pressure resulting from the solid NH4S placed in an evacuated container is 0.658 atm at 25 °C.
(a) -43.8 kJ
(b) +1.04 kJ
(c) -462 kJ
(d) +5.51 kJ
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Domanda del libro di testo
Formation constants for the ammonia and ethylenediamine complexes of nickel(II) indicate that Ni(en)32+ is much more
stable than Ni(NH3)62+:
(1) <REACTION>
(2) <REACTION>
The enthalpy changes for the two reactions, ΔH°1 and ΔH°2, should be about the same because both complexes have six Ni﹣N bonds.
(c) Assuming that ΔH°2 - ΔH°1 is zero, calculate the value of ΔS°2 - ΔS°1.
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Domanda del libro di testo
Spinach contains a lot of iron but is not a good source of dietary iron because nearly all the iron is tied up in the oxalate complex [Fe(C2O4)3]3-.
(b) Under the acidic conditions in the stomach, the Fe3+ concentration should be greater because of the reaction
[Fe(C2O4)3]3-(aq) + 6 H3O+(aq) ⇌ Fe3+(aq) + 3 H2C2O4(aq) + 6 H2O(l)
Show, however, that this reaction is nonspontaneous under standard-state conditions. (For H2C2O4, Ka1 = 5.9 × 10-2 and Ka2 = 6.4 × 10-5.)
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Domanda del libro di testo
Nitrogen reacts with fluorine to form nitrogen trifluoride: Calculate ∆G°, and determine whether the equilibrium composition should favor reactions or products at 25 °C
(a) ∆G° = -6.7 kJ; the equilibrium composition should favor products.
(b) ∆G° = -332 kJ; the equilibrium composition should favor reactants
(c) ∆G° = -166 kJ; the equilibrium composition should favor products
(d) ∆G° = +82.6 kJ; the equilbirum composiiton should favor reactants.
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