Domanda del libro di testo
Which state in each of the following pairs has the higher entropy per mole of substance? (a) Ice at -40 °C or ice at 0 °C
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Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement170
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions160
- Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions169
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution199
- Ch.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of Atoms102
- Ch.6 - Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory92
- Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures61
- Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure59
- Ch.9 - Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy122
- Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior155
- Ch.11 - Liquids & Phase Changes54
- Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials73
- Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties120
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics98
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium125
- Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids & Bases110
- Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria147
- Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium86
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry154
- Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry96
- Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry156
- Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements187
- Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry51
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McMurry 8th EditionCh.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & EquilibriumProblema 56d
McMurry 8th EditionCh.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & EquilibriumProblema 56dCapitolo 18, Problema 56d
Which state in each of the following pairs has the higher entropy per mole of substance? (d) CO2 at STP or CO2 at 100 °C and 0.1 atm
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Identify the concept of entropy: Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. Generally, the more disordered a system, the higher its entropy.
Consider the conditions given: STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure) is defined as 0 °C (273.15 K) and 1 atm pressure. The other condition is 100 °C and 0.1 atm.
Analyze the effect of temperature on entropy: Increasing temperature generally increases the entropy of a substance because the molecules have more energy and can move more freely, leading to greater disorder.
Analyze the effect of pressure on entropy: Lowering the pressure of a gas increases its volume, allowing the gas molecules to spread out more, which increases the disorder and thus the entropy.
Compare the two states: CO_2 at STP (273.15 K, 1 atm) versus CO_2 at 100 °C (373.15 K) and 0.1 atm. Consider both the higher temperature and lower pressure in the second condition, both of which contribute to higher entropy.
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Entropy
Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. It quantifies the number of possible microstates that correspond to a given macrostate. Higher entropy indicates greater disorder and more available microstates, which typically occurs at higher temperatures or in less constrained environments.
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02:46
Entropy in Thermodynamics
Effect of Temperature on Entropy
Temperature has a direct impact on the entropy of a substance. As temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the molecules also increases, leading to greater molecular motion and, consequently, higher entropy. This means that a gas at a higher temperature will generally have higher entropy than the same gas at a lower temperature.
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02:35Entropy and Physical Changes
Effect of Pressure on Entropy
Pressure influences the entropy of gases significantly. At lower pressures, gas molecules have more space to move around, resulting in higher entropy. Conversely, at higher pressures, the molecules are more confined, leading to lower entropy. Therefore, comparing states at different pressures is crucial for determining their relative entropies.
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02:35Entropy and Physical Changes
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Consider the distribution of ideal gas molecules among three bulbs (A, B, and C) of equal volume. For each of the follow-ing states, determine the number of ways (W) that the state can be achieved, and use Boltzmann's equation to calculate the entropy of the state.
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Which state in each of the following pairs has the higher entropy per mole of substance? (d) Water vapor at 150 °C and 1 atm or water vapor at 100 °C and 2 atm
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