What is the identity of the element X in the following ions? (a) X2+, a cation that has 36 electrons (b) X-, an anion that has 36 electrons

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insert step 1> Determine the atomic number of element X in the cation X^{2+}. Since the cation has 36 electrons, the neutral atom must have 38 electrons (36 + 2).

insert step 2> Identify the element with atomic number 38 on the periodic table. This will give you the identity of element X in the cation X^{2+}.

insert step 3> Determine the atomic number of element X in the anion X^{-}. Since the anion has 36 electrons, the neutral atom must have 35 electrons (36 - 1).

insert step 4> Identify the element with atomic number 35 on the periodic table. This will give you the identity of element X in the anion X^{-}.

insert step 5> Compare the elements identified in steps 2 and 4 to confirm the identity of element X in both the cation and anion forms.

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Atomic Number and Electrons

The atomic number of an element is defined as the number of protons in its nucleus, which also equals the number of electrons in a neutral atom. In this question, the identity of element X can be determined by analyzing the number of electrons in its ionic forms. For X2+, having 36 electrons indicates it originally had 38 protons, while X-, with 36 electrons, suggests it originally had 35 protons.

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00:46

Number of Electrons in Shells

Ionic Charge

Ionic charge refers to the electrical charge that an atom or molecule carries due to the loss or gain of electrons. A cation, like X2+, has a positive charge due to the loss of electrons, while an anion, like X-, has a negative charge due to the gain of electrons. Understanding how these charges relate to the number of electrons helps in identifying the element's identity based on its ionic forms.

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01:53

Formal Charge

Periodic Table and Element Identity

The periodic table organizes elements based on their atomic number and properties. Each element has a unique atomic number that corresponds to its identity. In this case, the element with an atomic number of 36 is krypton (Kr), which can be confirmed by recognizing that X2+ and X- correspond to the same element with different electron configurations, leading to the conclusion that X is krypton.

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