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Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions
McMurry - Chemistry 8th Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoMcMurry 8th EditionCh.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical ReactionsProblema 118
Capitolo 3, Problema 118

Element X, a member of group 5A, forms two chlorides, XCl3 and XCl5. Reaction of an excess of Cl2 with 8.729 g of XCl3 yields 13.233 g of XCl5. What is the atomic weight and the identity of the element X?

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1
Identify the chemical reaction: XCl3 + Cl2 -> XCl5.
Calculate the mass of Cl2 used in the reaction by subtracting the mass of XCl3 from the mass of XCl5: mass of Cl2 = mass of XCl5 - mass of XCl3.
Determine the moles of Cl2 used by dividing the mass of Cl2 by the molar mass of Cl2 (70.90 g/mol).
Use stoichiometry to find the moles of XCl3 reacted, which is equal to the moles of Cl2 used, since the reaction is 1:1.
Calculate the molar mass of X by using the mass of XCl3 and the moles of XCl3: molar mass of X = (mass of XCl3 - (moles of XCl3 * molar mass of Cl3)) / moles of XCl3.

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Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions. It involves using balanced chemical equations to determine the relationships between the quantities of substances consumed and produced. In this question, stoichiometry is essential for understanding how the mass of XCl3 relates to the mass of XCl5 formed during the reaction with Cl2.
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Stoichiometry Concept

Molar Mass

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). It is calculated by summing the atomic weights of all atoms in a molecule. In this problem, determining the molar mass of XCl3 and XCl5 is crucial for finding the atomic weight of element X, as it allows for the conversion of mass measurements into moles.
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Group 5A Elements

Group 5A elements, also known as Group 15 in the periodic table, include nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. These elements typically exhibit a range of oxidation states and can form various compounds, including chlorides. Understanding the properties and common oxidation states of Group 5A elements is important for identifying element X and predicting its behavior in reactions.
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Group 6A vs. Group 5A Elements
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