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Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution
McMurry - Chemistry 8th Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoMcMurry 8th EditionCh.4 - Reactions in Aqueous SolutionProblema 4
Capitolo 4, Problema 4

Refer to the figure to answer questions 4 and 5. The images are a molecular representation of three different substances, AX3, AY3, and AZ3, dissolved in water. (Water molecules are omitted for clarity.) Molecular representations of AX3, AY3, and AZ3 in water for electrolyte comparison.
Which of the substances is the weakest electrolyte? (LO 4.6) (a) AX3 (b) AY3 (c) AZ3 (d) All of the substances are strong electrolytes.

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Identify the molecular representations of AX3, AY3, and AZ3 in the image.
Observe the degree of dissociation of each substance in water. The more dissociated ions present, the stronger the electrolyte.
Compare the number of dissociated ions for each substance. AX3 has fewer dissociated ions compared to AY3 and AZ3.
Determine that the substance with the least number of dissociated ions is the weakest electrolyte.
Conclude that AX3 is the weakest electrolyte based on the visual representation of dissociation.

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Electrolytes

Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water, allowing the solution to conduct electricity. They can be classified as strong or weak electrolytes based on their degree of ionization. Strong electrolytes completely dissociate into ions, while weak electrolytes only partially dissociate, resulting in fewer ions in solution.
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Electrolytes and Strong Acids

Molecular Structure and Ionization

The molecular structure of a substance influences its ability to ionize in solution. For example, the presence of polar bonds and the overall geometry can affect how well a compound interacts with water molecules, which in turn impacts its ionization. Understanding the molecular representation of AX3, AY3, and AZ3 is crucial for predicting their behavior as electrolytes.
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Auto-Ionization and Kw

Comparative Strength of Electrolytes

To determine which substance is the weakest electrolyte, one must compare the extent of ionization of AX3, AY3, and AZ3. This involves analyzing the number of ions produced in solution and their ability to conduct electricity. The substance that produces the least number of ions or has the lowest conductivity is considered the weakest electrolyte.
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