Domanda del libro di testo
Which of the following pairs represent resonance structures? (LO 7.13) (a)(b)(c)
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Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement170
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions160
- Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions169
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution199
- Ch.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of Atoms102
- Ch.6 - Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory92
- Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures61
- Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure59
- Ch.9 - Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy122
- Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior155
- Ch.11 - Liquids & Phase Changes54
- Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials73
- Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties120
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics98
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium125
- Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids & Bases110
- Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria147
- Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium86
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry154
- Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry96
- Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry156
- Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements187
- Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry51
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McMurry 8th EditionCh.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot StructuresProblema 14
McMurry 8th EditionCh.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot StructuresProblema 14Capitolo 7, Problema 14
Which is the best electron-dot structure for the thiosulfate ion (S2O3 2-) based on the rules of formal charge? (LO 7.16) (a) (b) (c) (d)
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Step 1: Determine the total number of valence electrons for the thiosulfate ion (S_2O_3^{2-}). Sulfur has 6 valence electrons, oxygen has 6, and the ion has a 2- charge, so add 2 extra electrons.
Step 2: Draw a skeletal structure for the ion. Typically, the less electronegative atom (sulfur) is central, so arrange the atoms as O-S-S-O-O.
Step 3: Distribute the valence electrons around the atoms to satisfy the octet rule, starting with the outer atoms (oxygen) and then the central atoms (sulfur).
Step 4: Calculate the formal charge for each atom in the structure. The formal charge is calculated as: Formal Charge = (Valence electrons) - (Non-bonding electrons) - 0.5*(Bonding electrons).
Step 5: Adjust the structure to minimize formal charges, aiming for the most stable structure where the formal charges are closest to zero, and negative charges are on the more electronegative atoms (oxygen).
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Electron-Dot Structures
Electron-dot structures, or Lewis structures, represent the valence electrons of atoms within a molecule. They illustrate how electrons are shared or transferred between atoms, helping to visualize bonding and lone pairs. Understanding these structures is crucial for predicting molecular geometry and reactivity.
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04:28
Lewis Dot Structures: Ions
Formal Charge
Formal charge is a theoretical charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, calculated based on the number of valence electrons, the number of non-bonding electrons, and half the number of bonding electrons. It helps determine the most stable electron-dot structure by minimizing the formal charges across the molecule, guiding the selection of the best resonance structure.
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01:53Formal Charge
Thiosulfate Ion Structure
The thiosulfate ion (S2O3 2-) consists of two sulfur atoms and three oxygen atoms, with a total charge of -2. Its structure involves resonance forms that can be drawn to represent the distribution of electrons. Understanding the specific bonding and electron arrangement in thiosulfate is essential for applying formal charge rules effectively.
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04:28Lewis Dot Structures: Ions
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo
Use formal charge to select which resonance structure makes the largest contribution to the resonance hybrid. (LO 7.16) (a) Structure I (b) Structure II (c) Structure III (d) All structures are equivalent and make the same contri-bution to the resonance hybrid. (I)
(II)
(III)
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Domanda del libro di testo
What is the best prediction for the carbon–oxygen bond length in the carbonate anion, CO3 2-? (LO 7.14)
Data for average carbon-oxygen bond lengths:
(a) 143 pm
(b) 132 pm
(c) 121 pm
(d) 118 pm
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Domanda del libro di testo
The structure for the DNA base cytosine is shown.
Which of the following is not a resonance structure of cytosine? (LO 7.13) (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
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Domanda del libro di testo
The following diagram shows the potential energy of two atoms as a function of internuclear distance. Match the descriptions with the indicated letter on the plot.
(a) Repulsive forces are high between the two atoms.
(b) The two atoms neither exert attractive nor repulsive forces on one another.
(c) The attractive forces between atoms are maximized, resulting in the lowest energy state.
(d) Attractive forces between atoms are present but are not at maximum strength.
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Domanda del libro di testo
Which of the following alkali metal halides has the largest lat-tice energy? Explain.
(a)
(b)
(c)
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