Skip to main content
Ch.11 - Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces
Tro - Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 4th Edition
Tro4th EditionChemistry: A Molecular ApproachISBN: 9780134112831Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoTro 4th EditionCh.11 - Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular ForcesProblema 39
Capitolo 11, Problema 39

Arrange these compounds in order of increasing boiling point: a. CH4, b. CH3CH3, c. CH3CH2Cl, d. CH3CH2OH. Explain your reasoning.

Guida verificata passo dopo passo
1
Identify the intermolecular forces present in each compound.
Recognize that CH4 and CH3CH3 are nonpolar molecules, so they only have London dispersion forces.
Note that CH3CH2Cl is polar and has dipole-dipole interactions in addition to London dispersion forces.
Observe that CH3CH2OH has hydrogen bonding, which is stronger than dipole-dipole interactions and London dispersion forces.
Arrange the compounds in order of increasing boiling point based on the strength of their intermolecular forces: CH4 < CH3CH3 < CH3CH2Cl < CH3CH2OH.

Concetti chiave

Ecco i concetti essenziali che devi comprendere per rispondere correttamente alla domanda.

Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular forces are the attractive forces between molecules that influence physical properties like boiling points. The main types include hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces. Compounds with stronger intermolecular forces generally have higher boiling points due to the increased energy required to separate the molecules.
Video consigliato:
Percorso guidato
01:59
Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces

Hydrogen Bonding

Hydrogen bonding is a specific type of strong dipole-dipole interaction that occurs when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine. In the context of the given compounds, CH3CH2OH (ethanol) exhibits hydrogen bonding, significantly raising its boiling point compared to compounds without this interaction.
Video consigliato:
Percorso guidato
01:22
Hydrogenation Reactions

Molecular Weight and Structure

Molecular weight and structure also play a crucial role in determining boiling points. Generally, larger molecules with greater molecular weights have higher boiling points due to increased London dispersion forces. However, the presence of functional groups and their ability to engage in hydrogen bonding can override this trend, as seen in the comparison of CH3CH2Cl and CH3CH2OH.
Video consigliato:
Percorso guidato
01:09
Structural Formula Example
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo

In each pair of compounds, pick the one with the higher boiling point. Explain your reasoning. c. CH4 or CH3CH3

1525
views
Domanda del libro di testo

Determine the kinds of intermolecular forces that are present in each element or compound. a. PH3 b. HBr

Domanda del libro di testo

In each pair of compounds, pick the one with the higher boiling point. Explain your reasoning. a. CH3OH or CH3SH b. CH3OCH3 or CH3CH2OH

Domanda del libro di testo

Determine the kinds of intermolecular forces that are present in each element or compound. d. I2

361
views
Domanda del libro di testo

In each pair of compounds, pick the one with the higher boiling point. Explain your reasoning. a. NH3 or CH4 c. CO2 or NO2

Domanda del libro di testo

Determine the kinds of intermolecular forces that are present in each element or compound. c. CH3OH

945
views