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Ch.16 - Acids and Bases
Tro - Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 4th Edition
Tro4th EditionChemistry: A Molecular ApproachISBN: 9780134112831Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 16, Problema 57a

For each strong acid solution, determine [H3O+], [OH–], and pH. a. 0.25 M HCl

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Step 1: Recognize that HCl is a strong acid, which means it completely dissociates in water. Therefore, the concentration of hydronium ions, [H3O+], is equal to the initial concentration of HCl, which is 0.25 M.
Step 2: Use the relationship between [H3O+] and [OH-] given by the water dissociation constant, Kw = 1.0 x 10-14 at 25°C. The formula is [H3O+] x [OH-] = Kw. Substitute [H3O+] = 0.25 M into the equation to solve for [OH-].
Step 3: Calculate the pH of the solution using the formula pH = -log[H3O+]. Substitute [H3O+] = 0.25 M into the equation to find the pH.
Step 4: Verify your calculations by checking that the product of [H3O+] and [OH-] equals 1.0 x 10-14, ensuring that the calculations are consistent with the properties of water at 25°C.
Step 5: Summarize the results: [H3O+] = 0.25 M, [OH-] calculated from Kw, and pH calculated from the pH formula.

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Strong Acids

Strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), completely dissociate in water, meaning that all the acid molecules break apart into their constituent ions. For a 0.25 M HCl solution, this results in a hydronium ion concentration, [H3O+], of 0.25 M, as each HCl molecule produces one H3O+ ion.
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pH Calculation

The pH of a solution is a measure of its acidity, calculated using the formula pH = -log[H3O+]. For the 0.25 M HCl solution, the pH can be determined by substituting the [H3O+] value into the formula, yielding a pH of approximately 0.60, indicating a highly acidic solution.
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Water Ion Product

In pure water at 25°C, the product of the concentrations of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions is constant, known as the water ion product (Kw = [H3O+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10^-14). To find the hydroxide ion concentration, [OH-], in a strong acid solution, use the relationship [OH-] = Kw / [H3O+]. For the 0.25 M HCl solution, this results in [OH-] being approximately 4.0 x 10^-14 M.
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