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Ch.16 - Acids and Bases
Tro - Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 4th Edition
Tro4th EditionChemistry: A Molecular ApproachISBN: 9780134112831Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 16, Problema 57b

For each strong acid solution, determine [H3O+], [OH–], and pH. b. 0.015 M HNO3

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1
Step 1: Recognize that HNO3 is a strong acid, which means it completely dissociates in water. Therefore, the concentration of H3O+ ions will be equal to the initial concentration of the acid, which is 0.015 M.
Step 2: Use the relationship between the concentrations of H3O+ and OH- ions in water, given by the ion product of water: Kw = [H3O+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14 at 25°C.
Step 3: Calculate the concentration of OH- ions using the formula: [OH-] = Kw / [H3O+]. Substitute the known values to find [OH-].
Step 4: Determine the pH of the solution using the formula: pH = -log[H3O+]. Substitute the concentration of H3O+ to find the pH.
Step 5: Review your calculations to ensure that the values for [H3O+], [OH-], and pH are consistent with the properties of a strong acid solution.

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Strong Acids

Strong acids, such as HNO3 (nitric acid), completely dissociate in water, meaning that all the acid molecules break apart into their constituent ions. This results in a high concentration of hydronium ions ([H3O+]) in solution, which is crucial for calculating pH and hydroxide ion concentration ([OH-]).
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Strong Acid-Strong Base Titration

pH Calculation

The pH of a solution is a measure of its acidity, calculated using the formula pH = -log[H3O+]. For strong acids, the concentration of hydronium ions is equal to the molarity of the acid solution, allowing for straightforward pH calculations. A lower pH value indicates a more acidic solution.
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pH Calculation Example

Water Ion Product

The water ion product (Kw) is the equilibrium constant for the self-ionization of water, defined as Kw = [H3O+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10^-14 at 25°C. This relationship allows for the determination of hydroxide ion concentration ([OH-]) from the known hydronium ion concentration, using the equation [OH-] = Kw / [H3O+].
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